Winter 2021 - 41

IRRIGATION
until the schedule is properly calculated.
Or, in the case of a broken pipe, application
efficiency could be very low one day, but high
once the repairs are made. Despite these lessthan-favorable
outcomes for specific events,
the overall irrigation efficiency for the season
may appear good.
Irrigation efficiency, on the other hand,
looks at the entire irrigation season. It's
calculated as the beneficial water use divided
by the total applied water.
Irrigation efficiency (IE)
=
beneficial water use
total applied water
Beneficial water use appears in a few
different forms, including transpiration, where
it's important to match the tree as closely as
possible. It's also seen in the application of
inputs, canopy cooling, frost protection and
the leaching of salts.
Calculating applied water
Each system - drip, sprinkler, or otherwise -
has an application efficiency fraction, since
no system is 100% efficient. Assuming such
efficiency rates could actually result in an
orchard being underwatered.
Applied water
=
actual evapotranspiration
application efficiency fraction
For example, if pistachio requires 40 inches
of water in a season, and the micro sprinklers
in a field have a 0.80 application efficiency, it
would actually take 50 inches of water to meet
the 40-inch requirement for the season.
40/0.80 = 50 = applied water
Growers also must consider soil types, as
the maximum infiltration rates vary among
different types and textures of soil. While
growers have to match the transpiration of the
tree, they also have to match the infiltration
rate of the soil and account for any slopes
or other factors. Even if the right amount of
water is applied, applying it too quickly can
result in loss, so having an application rate that
is lower or equal to the soil intake rate is ideal.
Poor DU & Poor IE
Irrigation Efficiency vs.
Distribution Uniformity
Good DU, Poor IE
Good DU, Good IE
NATIONALNUTGROWER.COM 41

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https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/november-december-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/september-october-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/july-august-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/may-june-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/march-april-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/january-february-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/november-december-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/september-october-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/july-august-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/may-june-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/march-april-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/january-february-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/november-december-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/september-october-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/july-august-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/may-june-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/march-april-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/january-february-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/winter-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/fall-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/summer-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/greatamericanmediaservices/NNG/winter-2021
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