Underground Infrastructure - February 2023 - 35

CIGMAT Report
TABLE 1: Rheological model parameters for the spacer fluids with different nanoFe2O3 content, at 25°C.
Hershel Bulkey Model
Model Parameter
NanoFe = 0%
NanoFe= 0.5%
NanoFe = 1%
Yield Stress (τ01
(Pa))
n
0.332
0.289
0.294
k
4.58
7.61
8.14
RMSE (Pa)
1.54
2.30
2.36
Yield Stress (τ02
3.94
5.43
6.63
TABLE 2: Rheological model parameters for the spacer fluids with 1% nanoFe2
Hershel Bulkey Model
Model Parameter
NanoFe = 1%
T = 25°C
NanoFe= 1%
T = 50°C
NanoFe = 1%
T = 75°
Yield Stress (τ01
(Pa))
n
0.294
0.303
0.338
k
8.14
6.65
4.78
RMSE (Pa)
2.36
2.40
1.86
The resistivity of the spacer fluid decreased nonlinearly with
increase in the pressure (FIGURE 3). At 500 psi pressure, the
decrease in the resistivity was 0.7%, indicating low piezoresistivity
characteristics of the spacer fluid.
The resistivity of the smart spacer fluid with 0.5% nanoFe2
O3
decreased nonlinearly with increase in the pressure (FIGURE 3).
At 500 psi pressure, the decrease in resistivity was 4%, indicating
the piezoresistivity characteristics of the smart spacer fluid.
The resistivity of the smart cement slurry with 1% nanoFe2
O3
decreased nonlinearly with increase in the pressure (FIGURE 3).
At 500 psi pressure, the decrease in resistivity was 8%, indicating
the piezoresistivity characteristics of the smart spacer fluid.
Rheology. Shear stress-shear strain rate relationships were
predicted using the Vipulanandan rheological model and compared
with the Herschel Bulkley models, as shown in FIGURE 4.
The root mean square of error (RMSE) for the Herschel
Bulkley model varied from 1.54 to 2.36 Pa. Model parameter
k for the spacer fluid at 25°C varied from 4.58 to 8.14 Pa.sn
, as
summarized. Model parameter n was in the range of 0.29 to
0.33 (TABLE 1).
The shear thinning behavior of the spacer fluid with and
without nanoFe2
ological model, up to a shear strain rate of 1024 s-1
Increasing the nanoFe2
O3
O3 was modeled using the Vipulanandan rhe(600
rpm).
its yield stress - from 3.94 Pa to 6.63 Pa when nano Fe2
content in the spacer fluid increased
O3
increased from 0% to 1%, at 25°C, as shown in FIGURE 3.
The τmax
was
for the spacer fluid increased from 49.4 Pa to 65.5
Pa, a 33% increase, at 25°C temperature, with 1% addition of
nanoFe2
O3, as summarized. The root mean square of error
ranged from 1.39 to 2.13 Pa (TABLE 1).
Effect of Temperature. Shear stress-shear strain rate relationships
were predicted using the Vipulanandan rheological
model and compared with the Herschel Bulkley models, as
shown in FIGURE 5.
(Pa))
A (Pa.s)-1
3.43
1.95
1.79
Vipulanandan Model
B (Pa)-1
0.022
0.019
0.017
O3 at temperatures of 25°C, 50°C and 75°C
Vipulanandan Model
Yield Stress (τ02
6.63
4.79
2.94
(Pa))
A (Pa.s)-1
1.79
2.46
2.67
B (Pa)-1
0.017
0.018
0.020
τmax (Pa)
65.5
60.3
52.9
RMSE (Pa)
2.13
2.25
1.48
τmax (Pa)
49.4
58.1
65.5
RMSE (Pa)
1.39
1.70
2.13
FIGURE 5: Shear stress-shear strain rate relationship for spacer fluid with
1% nanoFe2
O3
at temperatures of 25°C, 50°C and 75°C.
The shear thinning behavior of spacer fluids with 1%
nanoFe2O3 at temperatures of 25 to 75°C was tested and modeled
using the Herschel Berkley model up to a shear strain rate
of 1024 s-1
as summarized in TABLE 2. The model pa(600
rpm). The root mean square of error (RMSE)
for the Herschel Bulkley model varied between 1.86 to 2.4 Pa.
The model parameter k for the spacer fluid at 25oC varied from
4.78 to 8.15 Pa.sn
rameter n was in the range of 0.29 to 0.34.
The shear thinning behavior of spacer fluids with 1%
at temperatures of 25 to 75°C was tested and modeled
using the Vipulanandan model up to a shear strain rate of
1024 s-1
(600 rpm).
The average yield stress for the spacer fluid at temperature
of 25°C was 5.43 Pa, decreasing 45% with the increase in the
temperature, to 2.98 Pa at 75oC. The τmax
for the spacer fluid
decreased from 58.1 Pa to 53 Pa (8.7%), with temperature increase
from 25 to 75°C. The root mean square of error was in
the range of 1.48 to 2.25 Pa, as summarized in TABLE 2.
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nanoFe2O3
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