Viking Magazine - February 2018 - 26

1. B. 1920 The League of Nations was
formed after World War I as a means
to resolve international disagreements
before they escalated. The
League sought to foster open
discussion, guarantee security
and prevent another arms
race in the future. After staying out of
World War I, Norway broke from its strict
neutrality to join the League. For a decade
after the war, the League worked well,
with 48 states signing the Covenant of the
League of Nations by December 1920. The
League faded, and World War II broke out
in 1939. Rather than trying to restore the
League after World War II, the Allies worked
to establish the United Nations.
trade and closer economic cooperation
in Europe. Today, the EFTA serves as the
intergovernmental organization of Norway,
Iceland, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. The
organization also has close relations with
the European Community (EC) and the
European Union (EU).
4. D. Dublin Vikings ruled Dublin for
almost three centuries before Irish High
King Brian Boru claimed victory in the
Battle of Clontarf. Two Viking settlements
have been uncovered in Dublin and
more than 77 Viking burials have been
discovered - some with swords, shields
and other items dating
back as early as the
ninth century.
2. A. Britain On April 9, 1940, German
troops invaded Norway with plans
to capture the King and Norwegian
government. Before the troops reached
Oslo, King Haakon and Crown Prince Olav
left Norway on the British heavy cruiser
Devonshire, and a government in exile
was established in London. The King
conducted radio broadcasts from London
while in exile. Meanwhile, Crown Princess
Märtha and her three children stayed with
a Swedish family before traveling to the
United States at the invitation of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
3. B. European Free Trade Association
(EFTA) Norway was one of the founding
members of the European Free Trade
Association (EFTA), along with Austria,
Denmark, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland
and the United Kingdom. The association
was enacted in 1960 to encourage free
26 VIKING FEBRUARY 2018 sonsofnorway.com
5. D. She was
the first woman
to command a
UN peacekeeping
force.
7. B. 14 In 985, Erik the Red led a fleet
of 25 ships set for Greenland, but only 14
arrived. An estimated 400 to 500 men
and women left Iceland - with domestic
animals in tow - to put down roots in the
new land. Many settled in what is now
Qassiarsuk, while others ventured north
near Nuuk. The infamous Viking leader's
arrival in Greenland came after being exiled
from both Norway and Iceland.
In 2014, Major
General Kristin Lund was the first woman
appointed to command a peacekeeping
force for the United Nations. The
Norwegian general joined the army in 1979
and traveled to Lebanon in 1986 for her
first overseas mission. As a commander,
Lund oversaw approximately 1,000
peacekeepers in Cyprus - an island where,
since 1974, Turkey has controlled the north,
and Greece the south.
6. False Norway is not a formal member
of the European Union, but it does have
more than 75 agreements with the EU -
including membership in the European
Free Trade Association and the European
Economic Area. Norwegians have voted
against joining the EU twice, with the last
referendum in 1994 - the majority won
with 52.2 percent of the vote.
8. A. 1913 Norwegian women gained
the right to vote in 1913 - 99 years after
Norway established its constitution - and
the country became known as a suffrage
pioneer. The right to vote for women was
introduced gradually - Norwegian women
could vote in local government elections in
1901 and could vote in general elections in
1907 if they paid a minimum tax amount.
9. C. Potatoes The potato arrived in
Norway around 1750, saving Norwegians
from hunger and scurvy. The root
vegetable originated in the Andes in
Latin America, where they had grown for
10,000 years before the first Europeans
arrived. The potato arrived in Portugal
PHOTOS BY (CLOCKWISE FROM FAR LEFT): PER BRATLAND, LANDING OF A VIKING FLEET AT DUBLIN BY JAMES WARD (1851-1924),ERIC THE RED BY ARNGRÍMUR JÓNSSON, ANDERS BEER WILSE / NORSK FOLKEMUSEUM, TORBJØRN KJOSVOLD / FORSVARETS MEDIESENTER

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Viking Magazine - February 2018

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