Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 19

3
4
The Vikings used a runic system
of writing.
They had their own alphabet based on the Germanic runic
script known as " Futhark. " It was made up of angular characters
called runes that were carved onto wood, stone and bone. Each
rune not only represented a phonetic sound, but also had its own
distinct meaning connected with Norse mythology. Many believe
the runic system was a gift from Norse god Odin. The exact origins
of runes are debated, but the oldest known runic inscription-found
on jewelry from Denmark-dates back to the 2nd century. About
3,000 runic inscriptions have survived throughout the Viking world,
primarily in Sweden, Norway and Denmark.
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The Vikings were the fi rst
Europeans to set foot on North
American soil.
Leif Erikson was born in Iceland around 970 and landed in North
America nearly 500 years before Christopher Columbus. Erikson
grew up in Greenland where his father, Erik the Red, established
the island's fi rst Viking settlement.
In the year 1000, Erikson visited
Norway and was converted
to Christianity by King Olaf I
Tryggvason, who sent him back
to Greenland to convert the
settlers there.
During his voyage, he
sailed off course and arrived
in a place he called Vinland,
after the abundant grapes
that grew there. The area
later came to be known
as North America. Statues
honoring him can be found
in many cities throughout
the U.S. and Scandinavia,
such as Boston, Chicago,
Minot, Trondheim and
Reykjavík. Leif Erikson
Day is celebrated
every year on Oct.
9-a date chosen to
commemorate the
day in 1825 when
the fi rst organized
voyage of Norwegian
immigrants arrived in
the United States.
Reconstructed farm from the Viking Age at Viking Center Fyrkat,
Hobro, Denmark
5
Many Vikings led simple
farming lives.
When they conquered new lands in Europe
and North America during the 8th to 11th centuries,
the Vikings created settlements that centered around
farming. Most lived on isolated farms or in small
villages. Their economy depended on agriculture,
fi shing and hunting. An ideal Viking farmstead was
made up of fl at, fertile land. They grew crops such as
barley, oats and rye, and kept cattle, goats, sheep, pigs,
chickens and horses. A bountiful harvest was critical to
surviving the brutal winters.
sonsofnorway.com VIKING OCTOBER 2019 19
NORTH WIND PICTURE ARCHIVES / ALAMY STOCK PHOTO (FAR RIGHT)
GEIR OLAF GJERDEN / ALAMY STOCK PHOTO

http://www.sonsofnorway.com

Viking Magazine - October 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Viking Magazine - October 2019

Contents
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - Cover1
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - Cover2
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - Contents
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 4
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 5
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 6
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 7
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 8
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 9
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 10
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 11
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 12
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 13
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 14
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 15
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 16
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 17
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 18
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 19
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 20
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 21
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 22
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 23
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 24
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 25
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 26
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 27
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 28
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 29
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 30
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 31
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 32
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 33
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 34
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 35
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 36
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 37
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - 38
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - Cover3
Viking Magazine - October 2019 - Cover4
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