Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 28

steering the high-speed particles into
some target element. As Lawrence's
biography at the Nobel Prize website
notes, by accelerating nuclear particles
to very high velocities, scientists
could then use those particles " to
bombard atoms of various elements,
disintegrating the atoms to form, in
some cases, completely new elements.
Hundreds of radioactive isotopes of the
known elements were also discovered. "
Physicists agree it was a key step
forward for science.
" What the cyclotron does is it
produces a little electric field that gives
a boost to the speed of the charged
particle, " says Associate Professor
Robert McTaggart of South Dakota
State University, just up the road from
the university that launched Lawrence's
career. " The particle is going around in
a circle and every time it passes through
this particular region it picks up some
speed and it increases its orbit. So, it
starts out at the center with a low speed
and ends up at the outer rim, essentially,
with a high speed. "
Inventing " Big Science "
(Top): A diagram showing
how the cyclotron
operates from E.O.
Lawrence's 1934 patent.
(Middle): Lawrence at his
Berkeley lab in 1945. The
atom-smashing cyclotron
played an important role
in the development of
the atomic bomb during
World War II. (Left):
Lawrence and his staff of
scientists standing near a
cyclotron. The invention
was a key step forward for
science.
28 VIKING JANUARY 2021
sonsofnorway.com
Hiltzik and others credit Lawrence,
more than anyone else, with the idea of
" big science " in which major research
labs collaborate with partners in
industry and government. Lawrence's
lab at Berkeley played an important
role in the development of the atomic
bomb during World War II, and
entire books have been written about
Lawrence's relationship with J. Robert
Oppenheimer, who led that effort.
A spin-off of Lawrence's idea-
unrelated to any weapon system-is
still changing lives today. Ernest's
brother John played a crucial role in
harnessing the products produced by
his brother's cyclotron for medicine.
The entire field of nuclear medicine
grew out of John Lawrence's use of
radioactive isotopes in tracer molecules
PHOTOS, TOP TO BOTTOM: ERNEST O. LAWRENCE, BETTMANN / GETTY IMAGES, SCIENCE HISTORY IMAGES / ALAMY STOCK PHOTO

http://www.sonsofnorway.com

Viking Magazine - January 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Viking Magazine - January 2021

Contents
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - Cover1
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - Cover2
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - Contents
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 4
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 5
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 6
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 7
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 8
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 9
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 10
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 11
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 12
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Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 14
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 15
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 16
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 17
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 18
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 19
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 20
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 21
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Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 24
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Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 27
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 28
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 29
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 30
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 31
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 32
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 33
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 34
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Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 36
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 37
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - 38
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - Cover3
Viking Magazine - January 2021 - Cover4
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