February 2019 - Parks & Recreation - 32

LAW REVIEW

Shallow Water Diving Injury
Contributory Negligence Defense
By James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D.

I

n the case of Core v. N.C. Div. of Parks & Rec., 2018 N.C. App. LEXIS 1040, the state tort claims commission (the Commission) denied
plaintiff 's negligence claim against the North Carolina Division of
Parks and Recreation based on a determination that plaintiff 's " contributory negligence, " (i.e., plaintiff 's own negligence in failing to look out
for his own safety) contributed to his injuries.

Plaintiff James Core and members of his college fraternity went
to Lake Waccamaw State Park, a
state park located approximately 75 miles south of Fayetteville,
North Carolina, for a camping trip
on the weekend of October 3-4,
2014. The North Carolina Division
of Parks and Recreation owned
and maintained the park, including
a portion of the shoreline located
in the southern section of Lake
Waccamaw ( see https://vimeo.
com/150438538).
30

Parks & Recreation

A visitor information kiosk, located in the park, showed a map
of the park and provided information about several recreational activities, including swimming. The
" swimming " portion of the information available at the kiosk stated
the following:
From the picnic area boardwalk,
a pier extends 375 feet into the
lake and provides a perfect place
for swimming and sunbathing.
Swimming is permitted in any
area of the lake but be aware that

| F E B R U A RY 2 0 1 9 | W W W. PA R K S A N D R E C R E AT I O N . O R G

lifeguards are not on duty. Always
use caution around water. Be alert
for aquatic wildlife and watch out
for sharp muscle [sic] shells on the
lake bottom.
A sign posted at the entrance
to the picnic area boardwalk listed the North Carolina State Park
Rules and Regulations, but made
" no reference to swimming, diving, or the depth of the water at
the end of the pier. "
Core and several other fraternity members went jogging in the
park before sunrise on the morning of October 4, 2014. When
they returned to the campsite
around 7 a.m., Core and at least
one other fraternity member,
Nate Middleton, decided to go
swimming from the pier.



February 2019 - Parks & Recreation

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