January 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 39

individual with a disability is excluded,
denied services, segregated or otherwise treated differently than other individuals because of the absence of
auxiliary aids and services, " unless the
public accommodation could " demonstrate such steps would fundamentally
alter the nature of the service or result
in an undue burden. "
Accordingly, to state a claim for discrimination under the ADA, the federal district court found that Adam had to
show that his HIV infection must have
constituted a " motivating factor " in his
being denied admission to the basketball camp. In so doing, however, the
court noted that " discriminatory intent "
could be inferred " from the totality of the
circumstances, including the historical
background of the decision; the specific sequence of events leading up to the
challenged decision; and contemporary
statements " by the Camp.
Despite various reasons given for denying his admission, including the side
effects of his medication and his having previously missed another summer
camp, Adam had maintained that his HIV
status was the actual motivation " based
on stereotypes and irrational fear about
people with HIV. " The federal district
court agreed.
In the opinion of the court, Adam had
alleged sufficient facts to establish that
his HIV positive status had motivated, in
part, the Camp's decision to deny him
admission. Specifically, the court noted
the Camp's expressed concern that admitting Adam would create " the need for
a separate pool and bathroom for HIVpositive campers " and pose a risk of
" Adam transmitting HIV to others. " According to the court, this evidence supported the inference that the Camp had
denied Adam admission because of his
disability. Moreover, the court found that
the Camp's additional concerns about
" the side effects of Adam's medications
and his alleged absence at an earlier
camp " were " inseparable from the fact
that Adam is HIV-positive. " As a result,
the court concluded that HIV was a substantial factor in the Camp's decision to
deny Adam admission and, therefore,

	

was based on Adam's disability in violation of the ADA.

Direct Threat Defense
The Camp had claimed that Adam's HIV
posed a " direct threat to other campers'
safety so as to preclude ADA liability. "

As described by the court, the ADA allows for an affirmative " direct threat " defense wherein a public accommodation
is not required to permit an individual to
participate in or benefit from services,
facilities, and accommodations " where
such individual poses a direct threat to

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Parks & Recreation	 37



January 2011 - Parks & Recreation

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