June 2014 - Parks & Recreation - 37

ed to recreational use. According to
Kibler, the natural accumulation of algae or silt was not unique to flood-control lakes used for recreational purposes, like Lake Shelbyville. On the
contrary, if not properly maintained,
Kibler contended that slippery slime
and algae could accumulate on any
boat ramp, regardless of whether the
lake is a natural recreational lake or a
flood-control lake. The federal district
court rejected this argument.
In the opinion of the court,
Kibler's injuries were indeed caused
by flood waters. Specifically, as part
of its flood-control function, the
Corps had retained water in the lake
to avoid flooding downstream. In so
doing, flood waters had coated the
low-water primary boat ramp with
the slick and slippery substance that
caused Kibler's injury.
Conclusion
As a result, the federal district court
held that Section 702c immunity under the Flood Control Act applied
because Kibler had been injured as
a result of flood waters retained in
Lake Shelbyville for flood-control
purposes. In reaching this conclusion, the court relied on declarations
by the Corps' hydraulic engineer
that the character of the waters that
caused Kibler's injuries were flood
waters, and that " the purpose behind
their presence in Lake Shelbyville
was to control flooding. " In so doing, the court found that Lake Shelbyville was at flood stage on the day
of Kibler's injury, and these flood
waters were being managed and retained at flood stage to avoid downstream flooding. As a result of such
flood-control activity, the low-water
primary boat ramp had become coated with the slick and slippery substances that caused Kibler's injury.

Based upon available immunity under Section 702c of the Flood Control
Act, the federal district court, therefore, granted the Corps' motion for
summary judgment, effectively dismissing Kibler's negligence claims.

James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D., is an
attorney and Associate Professor in the
School of Recreation, Health and Tourism at
George Mason University (jkozlows@gmu.
edu). Webpage with link to Law Review
articles archive (1982 to present): http://
mason.gmu.edu/~jkozlows.

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Parks & Recreation

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June 2014 - Parks & Recreation

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