June 2016 - Parks & Recreation - 34

L AW R E V I E W

Legal Relationship Shapes AED Use Requirement
By James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D.

A

ssuming a relationship that imposes a legal duty (e.g., coach/
athlete, instructor/participant, landowner/invitee), in the event
of any injury, one must act like the reasonable person under the
circumstances to avoid negligence liability. In response to changes
in available technology, the applicable legal standard of reasonable care may
slowly become more demanding over time. As yesterday's exotic safety precautions become more commonplace and expected, all reasonable persons must
conform to a generally accepted higher standard of reasonable care to avoid
potential negligence liability in the event of an injury.
The AED (automated external defibrillator) is an example of available
technology that may arguably be
evolving from an option to an expectation in determining the legal standard of reasonable care under certain
limited circumstances. The AED is a
portable electronic device that uses a
brief electroshock to restore normal
function in someone experiencing
cardiac arrest. The AED is designed
to be used by an ordinary layperson

32	 Parks & Recreation

responding to a cardiac emergency.
Training in AED use has become
commonplace in many first-aid and
CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
classes for individuals and agencies.
Clearly, in response to a cardiac
event, utilization of a readily available AED may save a life. Moreover,
advances in technology have made
the AED easy to acquire and use. The
question, however, is whether the failure to acquire or utilize available AED

| J U N E 2 0 1 6 | W W W. PA R K S A N D R E C R E AT I O N . O R G

technology will necessarily provide a
basis for negligence liability.
Despite the ready availability of
such life-saving technology, at this
point in time, the failure to utilize an
available AED would not necessarily
provide a legal basis for negligence
liability. On the contrary, under traditional common law, in the absence
of a legal relationship, there is no
duty to rescue an imperiled stranger. Moreover, given the existence of
a legal relationship, in the event of a
serious or life-threatening event, reasonable care would usually require
nothing more than prompt summoning of competent medical attention.
In practical terms, in the event of a
cardiac emergency, the generally applicable legal duty would be satisfied in
most emergency situations by simply
calling 911. Once the 911 call is made



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