May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 31

It is unlikely that Congress will take legislative action to clarify the scope and
applicability of recreational immunity under the Flood Control Act.
control project for purposes of . . . flood
control, as well as to waters that such
projects cannot control. " United States
v. James, 478 U.S. 597, 605, 106 S. Ct.
3116, 3121, 92 L. Ed. 2d 483 (1986).

In so doing, the federal district court
cited the following language from federal
court opinion issued prior to the Supreme
Court's opinion in Central Green:
If injury results from operation of a federal project " for flood control
purposes, government immunity is
complete " and applies although the
" federal project has multiple purposes
and is not intended exclusively for
flood control. " Morici Corp. v. United
States, 681 F.2d 645, 647 (1982)...
Even if the project was operated at
the time of the negligence for a purpose other than flood control, so long

as the damage or injury was not " wholly unrelated " to a Congressionally
authorized flood control project, " a sufficient nexus for purposes of § 702c
immunity exists. " McCarthy v. United
States, 850 F.2d 558, 562,

As described above, Craan court's interpretation of the scope and applicability of flood control immunity seems overly
broad and inconsistent with Central Green
because it considered the entire flood control project, regardless of the characterization of the water causing the damage.

Conclusion
It is unlikely that Congress will take legislative action to clarify the scope and
applicability of recreational immunity
under the Flood Control Act. Given the
15 year gap between James in 1986 and

Central Green in 2001, the U.S. Supreme
Court may not choose to review the applicability of Flood Control Act immunity
to FTCA claims involving recreational injuries on Corps dam sites. In the meantime, despite the decision in Craan, most
lower federal courts are likely to apply
Central Green and " consider the character of the waters that cause the relevant
damage and the purposes behind their
release " in determining the applicability
of immunity under the Flood Control Act.


James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D. is
an associate professor in the School of
Recreation, Health, and Tourism at George
Mason University in Manassas, Virginia;
jkozlows@gmu.edu; http://mason.gmu.
edu/~jkozlows.

Circle 12 on product information form on PAGE 79

	

www.NRPA .ORG

MA Y 2 0 1 1

Parks & Recreation	 29



May 2011 - Parks & Recreation

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of May 2011 - Parks & Recreation

May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 1
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 2
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 3
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 4
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 5
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 6
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 7
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 8
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 9
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 10
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 11
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 12
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 13
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 14
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 15
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 16
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 17
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 18
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 19
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 20
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 21
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 22
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 23
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 24
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 25
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 26
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 27
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 28
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 29
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 30
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 31
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 32
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 33
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 34
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 35
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 36
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 37
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 38
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 39
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 40
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 41
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 42
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 43
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 44
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 45
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 46
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 47
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 48
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 49
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 50
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 51
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 52
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 53
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 54
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 55
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 56
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 57
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 58
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 59
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 60
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 61
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 62
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 63
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 64
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 65
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 66
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 67
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 68
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 69
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 70
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 71
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 72
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 73
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 74
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 75
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 76
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 77
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 78
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 79
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 80
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 81
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 82
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 83
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 84
May 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 85
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/august-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/july-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/june-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/may-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/april-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/march-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2009
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com