May 2014 - Parks & Recreation - 73

Heating is another outboard process completed in the
pump room. There are low- to high-efficiency systems and
of course solar options.
The point is that these outboard systems are totally dependent upon the circulation flow and the frequency of
turnover. The definition of a " turnover " is " to circulate
the amount of water equal to the total number of gallons
of the vessel. " Note we did not say " all the water! " More
on that soon.
Other outboard processes that are just as dependent upon
recirculation and frequency of turnover include ozone use
and all types of ultraviolet treatment.
Ozone systems are fantastic at destroying bacteria, viruses
and protozoan cysts many times faster than even high levels
of chlorine. Ultraviolet systems, including amalgam high-intensity, low-pressure and medium-pressure systems, not only
inactivate the same pathogens, but do so in a single pass if set
up correctly.
So what is the big deal? Let's look further into the two
important water treatment processes that are absolutely
necessary and must take place in the pool: sanitation and
oxidation.
Sanitation and Oxidation
Sanitation is the inactivation of bacteria, viruses and protozoan cysts. We sometime refer to this process as " killing the
bugs, " although that is not entirely true.
Oxidation is the dismantling (breaking down) of organic compounds such as saliva, sweat and urine (and other
" stuff " we won't bother to describe).
Both processes must be ongoing in the pool. Bacteria such
as E. coli, staphylococcus, pseudomonas and viruses such
as the rhinovirus must be inactivated in seconds; protozoan
cysts such as giardia and cryptosporidium might take hours.
Organic compounds such as saliva, sweat and urine should
be broken down in minutes.
So, again you ask, what is the big deal? Where is the
myth?
With an understanding that outboard treatment systems
only treat the water that reaches the pump room, we must
look closer at the recirculation process.
This demands us to carefully examine and fully understand Gage and Bidwell's Law of Dilution. Look at the
graph on page 72.
Examine the " real " amount of water that reaches the
pump room after the first turnover of all those gallons:
less than half! Even more important is how much water
has not been through the pump room: almost 58 percent.

REACH
KEY DECISION
MAKERS
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For advertising information, contact Dana
Storm (dstorm@nrpa.org, 703.858.2174).

W W W. N R PA . O R G | M AY 2 0 1 4 |

Parks & Recreation

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May 2014 - Parks & Recreation

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