September 2013 - Parks & Recreation - 34

HEALTH AND WELLNESS

What is Your Health Impact Assessment?
HIAs can lead to better decisionmaking for park and recreation investments
By Zarnaaz Bashir

I

magine this scenario: Together with key leaders in the community, you want
to increase physical-activity levels in your city's parks and walking and biking trails. Discussions take place, and a preliminary plan is developed to
connect the city's trails as part of an alternative transportation system. But how
do you get the community to support this plan? How will you know if your
plan will help the local economy? How do you convince decisionmakers that
this plan will result in positive health outcomes for all of the people affected?
A Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
is an evidence-driven tool that helps
evaluate the potential health effects
of a program, plan or policy, such as
building a new roadway or expanding parks, trails and green space. By
thinking about the health effects of a
plan or program before it is set in place,
community leaders and policymakers
become more aware of hidden opportunities to improve health, save on
health-related costs and use limited
resources more wisely.

32

Parks & Recreation

The City of Greenville, South Carolina, is currently conducting a threeyear comprehensive planning process
to connect its west-side neighborhoods to jobs and open space. In
2012, the South Carolina Institute
of Medicine and Public Health
worked in partnership with the City
of Greenville to integrate an HIA
into the piece of their comprehensive planning process that focused on
parks, trails and green space. The Advisory Committee included communi-

| S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 3 | W W W. N R PA . O R G

ty members and representatives from
academic institutions, senior housing,
advocacy groups, city officials, urban
planners, the County of Greenville,
medical institutions, nonprofit groups
and the South Carolina Department
of Health and Environmental Control.
The goal of the HIA was to examine
the potential positive and negative
health impacts of the development of
parks, trails and green space in Greenville's west side. In addition, the HIA
would help increase the understanding
among participants and community
residents of the relationship between
health and the built environment, bring
health to the forefront for policies that
fall outside traditional public health
arenas, and ultimately, promote continued use of HIAs in Greenville and
in South Carolina.



September 2013 - Parks & Recreation

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