September 2017 - Parks & Recreation - 27

five-point scales, but also the source of
the data is unreliable because only the
self-selected chose to respond.
However, with the increasing popular
access to digital technologies, there are
other options that can supplement the
traditional " social science " numerical
data and help to enrich the narratives
about communities.
Digital Networks
The advent of digital networks, such as
Facebook and Twitter, allow community
members to present their points of view,
in their own language. The community
is no longer limited by prepared questionnaires that offer researcher-produced
statements that respondents could only
agree or disagree with, or by the vocal
special interest groups that mob the public meetings.

This digital space is an opportunity
that the public recreation industry should
embrace. There, the decision makers in
public recreation can capture the narratives told by the people they serve. Just
as the hospitality industry has turned to
platforms, such as TripAdvisor, the public recreation industry needs to actively
solicit the voices of the people it serves.
This could be as simple as a feedback button on the agency website, where citizens
can state an opinion, leave a comment,
praise or a complaint, or talk about what
they want for their community or how
they want to spend their leisure hours.
These statements are no longer censored
by pre-defined questions and rigid responses on a survey, or limited to a set
time for a attending public meeting. In
the realm of traditional survey research,
these were called " open-ended " ques-

tions, and those responses would fall
into the " other " or " comment " part of
a questionnaire. Quite often, these responses were given cursory attention and
relegated to coders who would type out
the response in the hope that some decision maker would browse through the
typed pages at some time.
The Narrative Paradigm
The situation has changed significantly
with the availability of tools for analysis
of textual data where computer software
can be used to create meaningful analysis of open-ended responses. The process
is based on the narrative paradigm, suggested by Professor Walter Fisher in the
1980s, which claims that it is possible to
understand the opinions of a community
by seeing the story that emerges from the
comments offered by its members. Given

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Parks & Recreation

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September 2017 - Parks & Recreation

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