Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 31
p SUPERWINDS IN M82 Contributing Editor Howard Banich
sketched M82 based on what he saw through his 28-inch telescope.
Clearly seen are the galaxy's complex structure and the superwinds,
the outflows emanating from the galaxy's central regions.
tidal dance leading to the formation of extensive plumes as
they started to merge. These huge tidal arcs, the "antennae,"
span at least 360,000 light-years, and the current starburst
phase has produced over 1,000 SSCs. In several hundred
million years, their merging will result in a single, much
larger galaxy. Both systems are spirals: NGC 4038 is a heavily
distorted barred spiral, while NGC
4039 is a slightly smaller object.
With moderate aperture, the
Antennae Galaxies appear as a diffuse double kidney or C-like nebulous glow that is fused at the apex.
Bright knots and H II regions can
be seen in both galaxies, but resolving the brightest SSCs requires very
large instruments under superb
skies. At the 2006 Texas Star Party,
I saw numerous tiny 17th-magnitude "stars" (SSCs) resolved in
Larry Mitchell's 36-inch f/5 scope.
Two diffuse arcs were also visible,
the delicate "antennae," or plumes
of tidally strewn dust and stars of
the ongoing merger event.
Most starburst events in galaxies can be traced to tidal interactions with a nearby galaxy, but
sometimes the latter can be hard to
find. The Magellanic irregular galaxy NGC 4449 in Canes Venatici
is undergoing a galaxy-wide starburst event, but what is causing the
enhanced star formation isn't obvious. It wasn't until 2012 that a pair
of dwarf spheroidal galaxies were
p THE ANTENNAE
GALAXIES NGC 4038
and NGC 4039 are in
the process of merging. Using his 28-inch,
Jimi Lowrey's 48-inch,
and the Bok 90-inch
telescope on Kitt
Peak, Howard Banich
reproduced the tidal
arcs responsible for this
source's moniker, as
well as the bright knots
of furious star formation
that occurred as a result
of the merger.
A Cosmic Menagerie
Object
Surface Brightness
Mag(v)
Size
RA
Dec.
M82
Starburst
12.5
8.4
11.2′ × 4.3′
09h
NGC 1569
Starburst
12.9
11.0
3.6′ × 1.8′
04h 30.8m
NGC 3310
Starburst
12.8
10.8
3.1′ × 2.4′
10h 38.8m
53° 30′
NGC 4038
Starburst
12.0
10.3
3.4′ × 1.7′
12h 01.9m
-18° 52′
NGC 4039
Starburst
12.2
10.3
3.2′ × 2.1′
12h 01.9m
-18° 53′
12h
28.2m
55.9m
69° 41′
64° 51′
44° 06′
NGC 4449
Starburst
13.0
9.6
6.2′ × 4.4′
M94
Starburst
13.7
8.2
14.4′ × 12.1′
12h 50.9m
41° 07′
11.5′ × 9.8′
20h
34.9m
60° 09′
47.6m
-25° 17′
59° 18′
NGC 6946
HOWA RD BA NICH (2)
Type
Starburst
13.8
8.8
NGC 253
Starburst
12.8
7.2
21.0′ × 5.0′
00h
IC 10
Starburst
14.0
10.4
6.3′ × 5.1′
00h 20.3m
NGC 2537
BCD
12.6
11.7
1.7′ × 1.5′
08h
Hen 2-10
W-R
12.3
11.6
1.7′ × 1.3′
08h 36.2m
-26° 25′
NGC 5010
LIRG
13.2
13.3
1.4′ × 0.7′
13h 12.4m
-15° 48′
2.1′ × 1.1′
16h
02° 24′
NGC 6240
ULIRG
13.7
12.9
13.2m
45° 59′
53.0m
Angular sizes and separations are from recent catalogs. Visually, an object's size is often smaller than the cataloged value and varies according to the aperture
and magnification of the viewing instrument. Right ascension and declination are for equinox 2000.0. NGC 4038 and NGC 4039, also known as the Antennae
Galaxies, are merging.
sk yandtelescope.com * M A RCH 2 018
31
http://www.skyandtelescope.com
Sky and Telescope - March 2018
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Sky and Telescope - March 2018
Contents
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - Cover1
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - Cover2
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 1
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - Contents
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 3
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 4
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 5
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 6
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 7
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 8
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 9
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 10
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 11
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Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - 13
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Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - Cover3
Sky and Telescope - March 2018 - Cover4
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