Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 33
DIFFERENT SCENARIOS: GREGG DINDERMAN / S&T, SOURCE: THE AUTHOR;
EXOPLANET ILLUSTRATION: NASA / JPL-CALTECH
Eccentricity
(0: perfect circle; 1: parabola)
This continued work is important because giant planets set
the landscape for small planets. We think the formation and
habitability of the solar system's rocky planets were affected
by our giants' early history. Now that we know giant planets'
histories vary dramatically from system to system, we can
expect a wide range of consequences for rocky worlds. As gas
giants jostle each other, they can kick icy comets toward the
star, delivering water to otherwise dry, rocky worlds. In other
cases, violent encounters between larger planets disturb the
paths of smaller ones, causing collisions and atmospheric
loss. Giant planets migrating inward during the gas-disk stage
may also bring icy embryos along for the ride, which then
grow and merge into watery worlds. Far from being a story
solely about giant planets, then, the answer to how these
worlds came to be could have implications for small planets
as well, including whether life could arise as it did here.
¢ REBEKAH I. DAWSON is an associate professor of astronomy
and astrophysics at The Pennsylvania State University who
studies the formation and evolution of planetary systems. She
enjoys spending time outdoors on her favorite planet, Earth,
and teaching her one- and three-year-olds about all the other
planets that don't appear in their outer-space board books.
0.45
0.63
0.77
0.89
1.00
0.00
0.01
0.1
1.0
Average distance from star (astronomical units)
ORBITAL FATES Different origin scenarios place Jupiter-size
planets at different distances from their host stars (x-axis) and in a
range of orbit shapes (y-axis). Planets that form in place, or those
that migrate to their tight orbits while the formative gas disk remains,
likely follow a simpler path (arrow, right to left) that keeps them on
a circular orbit. Planet interactions, on the other hand, can throw
a world onto an elongated orbit (light blue region). Some of these
" eccentric " planets will lose just the right amount of orbital energy
as they respond to the star's tidal pull, transitioning over time to an
especially tight, circular orbit - these essentially travel down the
pink region from top right to bottom left.
Planet
destroyed
It's
complicated
Planet
interactions
Tidal
migration
Planet-disk interactions
TOO CLOSE FOR COMFORT
The hot Jupiter K2-33b takes just
5½ days to orbit its star in a perfect
circle. The star is a mere 9 million
years old.
sk yand tele scope .o r g * OCTOBER 2022 33
http://skyandtelescope.org
Sky & Telescope - October 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Sky & Telescope - October 2022
Contents
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - Cover1
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - Cover2
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 1
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - Contents
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 3
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 4
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 5
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 6
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 7
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 8
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 9
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 10
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 11
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 12
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Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 14
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Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 33
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Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - 84
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - Cover3
Sky & Telescope - October 2022 - Cover4
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