Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - 18
NASA / CXC / SAO / ÁKOS BOGDÁN; INFRARED: NASA / ESA / CSA / STSCI;
IMAGE PROCESSING: NASA / CXC / SAO / L. FRATTARE & K. ARCAND
Chandra: 25 Years
Black hole
Black hole's
host galaxy
Chandra
JWST
RECORD-BREAKER One of the most distant black holes lies in the galaxy UHZ1, which existed 470 million years after the Big Bang. The background
image shows both infrared (white and red) and X-rays (purple). The black hole in the galaxy's core reveals itself in X-rays (top left inset).
ies are also visible in multiwavelength images (they, too, are
non-interacting, passing right by each other), but they do not
nearly account for the total mass. This set of observations was
the first to provide direct evidence that the bulk of a cluster's
mass is some form of unseen matter.
Cosmic Death and Life
So far, we have looked at the larger-scale universe through
the eyes of Chandra. However, Chandra's first-light image,
and perhaps its most iconic observation, was something
much closer to home: the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant.
The 0.5-arcsecond angular resolution of Chandra revealed
the neutron star created in the supernova explosion and, on
larger scales, unveiled never-before-seen structures in the
tossed-off stellar layers that wreathe this tiny star. Studying
supernova remnants allows astronomers to understand how
stars produce, and then disseminate, chemical elements, such
as the sulfur, iron, and oxygen atoms that are essential for
life on Earth (S&T: May 2021, p. 34).
18 JULY 2024 * SKY & TELESCOPE
What is even more fascinating is that over more than two
decades, Chandra regularly observed this supernova remnant
and captured changes in its appearance. Since Cassiopeia A
is expanding so fast, at some 5,000 kilometers per second
(10 million mph), we can actually see it grow from image to
image. By stitching together many individual observations
from Chandra's first light to the present day, we can generate
a movie of its expansion, which lets us observe the physics of
a supernova remnant from a " front-row " seat.
On even smaller scales, Chandra has explored numerous
planetary nebulae in concert with the Hubble Space Telescope,
creating beautiful images of the aftermath of stellar death.
In these systems, Chandra detects the diffuse X-ray emission
that results when a wind from the hot stellar remnant rams
into the star's ejected atmosphere.
Chandra reaches even smaller scales, down to that of planets.
Planets may not be the first objects that come to mind
when it comes to X-rays; however, Chandra has successfully
detected several planets and minor bodies in the solar system
Sky & Telescope - July 2024
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Sky & Telescope - July 2024
Contents
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - Cover1
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - Cover2
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - 1
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - Contents
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - 3
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - 4
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - 5
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - 6
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - 7
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - 8
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - 9
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - 10
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - 11
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Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - Cover3
Sky & Telescope - July 2024 - Cover4
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