American Cinematographer - January 2021 - 15

AMERICAN CINEMATOGRAPHER ASCMAG.COM

relating the color wavelengths of full-spectrum
light to the physical temperature of a blackbody radiator on the Kelvin temperature scale.
Around the turn of the century, the work of
another German physicist, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, took this combination of concepts
even further and defined what would become
known as the Planckian locus (or curve), which
connects the concepts of the Kelvin scale, the
black-body radiator and the color gamut of human vision. Through the work of these three
men, we have what we now know as the color temperature (or Kelvin color temperature)
scale.
The Kelvin scale, as we'll call it for our purposes, runs from zero to about 20,000K. A tungsten incandescent filament burns at around
3,200K on this scale (in the orange-red area),
and natural sunlight combined with ambient
skylight is around 6,500K (in the blue area).
From the advent of color film to today, it has
been crucial that a specific " white point " be defined when capturing a photographic image.
While the human eye and brain are incredibly
flexible when it comes to interpreting colors,
and can see a wide variety of light as " white "
or " natural, " film and digital sensors are not as
flexible and need to have a defined target of
" white " to render the colors of the world as our
eye sees them. Hence, we landed long ago on
those two numbers - tungsten at 3,200K and
daylight at 6,500K (the latter sometimes set at
5,500 or 5,600K, depending on whom you're
talking to).
CIE 1931
To define the full range of colors that are visible to the human eye, we turn to the CIE 1931
XYZ color space, the product of several years of
testing and study by the International Commission on Illumination (a French organization
also known as the Commission Internationale de
l'éclairage, or CIE), published in 1931. This is a
graphical representation of the visible portion
of the electromagnetic spectrum, aka " light, "
which exists from about 400 nanometers to Modern saturated color diodes - red, lime green, blue,
700 nanometers - the range of wavelengths amber and white.
(or colors) of light that can be perceived by the
human eye.
This semi-ellipse-shaped representation
starts with deep violet in the bottom left and
runs through all the colors of the rainbow on
the outer edge (blue, green, yellow, orange)
to finally hit red in the lower-right-hand side.
A significantly large portion of the top of
the semi-ellipse is made up of green wave- One of the extraordinary benefits of LEDs is the
lengths, since that is what the human eye is ability to achieve multiple colors in one fixture.
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American Cinematographer - January 2021

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American Cinematographer - January 2021 - Cover1
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