Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - 21

A Jumpstart Guide for the Student Cinematographer

F/T-Stop Relations
Open (increase)

Closed (decrease)

1 Stop

2x1=2

1

2 Stops

2x2=4

1

3 Stops

2x2x2=8

4 Stops

2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16

⁄ 2 x 1 = 1⁄ 2
⁄ 2 x 1⁄ 2 = 1⁄ 4
1
⁄ 2 x 1⁄ 2 x 1⁄ 2 = 1⁄ 8
1
⁄ 2 x 1⁄ 2 x 1⁄ 2 x 1⁄ 2 = 1⁄ 16

Figure 7. F/T-Stop Relations

Exposure Time
Exposure time has two components: the angle of the shutter
opening expressed in degrees, and the number of frames that pass
by the camera aperture in frames per second. Sound movie
cameras run at 24 frames per second, at a standard shutter opening
from about 170 degrees to 200 degrees. To get the exposure time in
fractions of a second, simply double the frame rate. In the case of
24 fps it would be 1⁄ 48 of a second, but it is always rounded off to
1⁄ 50 of a second. If you alter the shutter opening or the frame rate,
your exposure time will change. (See formula on page 70.)

Film Facts
Size of film

Frames per foot

Feet per minute at 24 fps

Super 8mm
16mm
35mm
65/70mm
VistaVision

72
40
16
12.8
8

20
36
90
112 feet + 6.4 frames
180

(sideways35mm
double frame)

The Camera
Most professional movie cameras have the following components: 1. a focusable lens with variable f-stops; 2. a light tight box;
3. a shutter to black out the film while it moves to the next frame;
4. an intermittent movement to hold motionless and register the
film for a split-second exposure; 5. a film transport to move the
film through the camera (motor); 6. a magazine to hold the film; 7.
a viewing system that is either reflex (looking through the lens),
non-reflex (looking through an external finder), or electronic (a
little TV screen); 8. a follow focus control; 9 . a matte box to shade

21



Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer

Table of Contents
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - Cover1
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - Cover2
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - i
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - ii
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - iii
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - Table of Contents
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - 5
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Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - Cover3
Selected Tables, Charts And Formulas for the Student Cinematographer - Cover4
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