The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 43, No. 3 - 17

PAR as Assessment Framework

by academia, offering "a critique of, and challenge to, dominant positivist social science research" (Maguire, 1987, p.10), which tends to
privilege itself as the only legitimate source of
knowledge. Oftentimes, these research practices result in the production of findings that are
irrelevant to addressing the needs of research
participants and their communities. Such
research often advances a mistrust between
academic researchers and communities being
studied (Maguire, 1987), especially in marginalized communities where a history of unethical research practices have led to negative
consequences for those communities (Smith,
1999; Varcoe, 2006; Wilinsky, 1999).
On the other hand, PAR is a research methodology that takes a completely different approach, methodologically and objectively. It is
a non-hierarchical collaborative effort between
academic and community researchers to generate practical knowledge geared toward confronting social issues (Greenwood & Levin,
1998; Kach & Kralik, 2006; McNiff & Whitehead, 2006). PAR's compass toward social
justice draws from a Freirian ideology focused

on empowering the disenfranchised by developing an analytical lens that critiques systemic
inequities and takes action toward resolution
(Freire, 1970).

ENACTING PAR IN RESEARCH
There are four major steps that guide a PAR research process (see Figure 1). First, PAR places
heavy emphasis on how researchers enter into
collaboration with communities (Maguire,
1987; Ochocka, Moorlag, & Janzen, 2010).
Entry into a partnership is crucial to establishing trust and setting a conducive tone for the
partnership. Once a partnership has been established, the second step includes enacting
the research process. Community researchers
are involved in all phases of research, from the
initial design to the presentation of results and
discussion of action implications (Vollman,
Anderson & McFarlane, 2004). Step three
honors the intent of the collaboration and
implements the actions recommended by the
findings for social justice in the communities
where research is being conducted, emphasizing community needs and benefits.

Figure 1
Steps to Conducting PAR.

Entry into
Community:
developing
partnership,
building trust

Research Process:
design,
implementation,
analysis & posing
recommendations

Action:
enacting
recommendations

Reflection:
assessing the
research process &
action taken, setting
next steps

Based on Maguire (1987).

V O L U M E 4 3 , NO. 3 * 2 0 1 7

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The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 43, No. 3

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 43, No. 3

Contents
The Journal of College and University Student Housing - Volume 43, No. 3 - Intro
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