American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 74
SpecialReport: Horizontal Wellbore Construction
reservoir or fluid characteristics.
The models are built with predictive
capabilities that can calculate well performance estimates based on well architecture, measured reservoir characteristics,
well spacing, completion parameters, frac
job practices and operational constraints.
Data from blind wells that were not used
in developing the predictive models are
used to validate the results. The predictive
models generate type curves for different
areas of a field that summarize well performance as a function of multiple reservoir characteristics and design parameters,
and they can be combined with Monte
Carlo simulation to:
* Quantify uncertainties associated
with well productivity;
* Measure and compare the quality
of historical frac jobs performed in a
field, area or particular zone;
* Determine the amount of reserves
and production that potentially have been
missed as a result of sub-optimal completion practices; and
("production index") is plotted against
four measured well parameters: the number
of stages, the amount of proppant pumped
per foot of lateral, net thickness and the
stimulated lateral length.
Looking at this figure, it is very hard
to detect any patterns or trends from the
raw data. WQA incorporates fuzzy set
theory to classify and plot wells based
on the fuzzy membership function of the
classifications (performance levels of the
individual wells). Although the techniques
used are extremely simple and classifications are intuitive (i.e., poor, average
or good wells), the results are quite revealing of the nature of the oil and gas
production from shale. In many cases,
clear trends and patterns can be extracted
from seemingly chaotic data.
Using the fuzzy membership functions
and classifications, the data demonstrated
in Figure 1 were plotted for each class of
wells to search for patterns in how poor
wells, average wells and good/very good
wells behaved as a function of several
* Measure and rank the success of
previous completion/stimulation practices.
Moreover, the predictive model can
be combined with evolutionary optimization algorithms to identify the optimum
frac designs for new wells, and map the
natural fracture network as a function of
well and completion design or other operational constraints, and identify refrac
candidate wells and recommend the most
appropriate completion design.
WQA And KPIs
As part of the pre-modeling analysis,
the WQA algorithm performs analysis on
raw data collected from the field. While a
priceless treasure in shale plays, raw data
from well construction, logging, completion,
stimulation, production and other operations
does not reveal much about storage and
transport phenomena in shale. Figure 1
shows an example of raw data from a
grouping of some 140 Marcellus horizontal
wells. Pressure-corrected, 30-day cumulative production in barrels of oil equivalent
FIGURE 2
Well Quality Analysis of 140 Marcellus Wells
Classified by 30-Day Cumulative Production Performance
11
Number of Stages
128
126
Poor
Wells
124
122
All Data
Poor Wells
Avg. Well
25
Good Well
3,160
3,100
3,000
2,950
Average of
All Wells
Poor
Wells
2,800
2,750
2,715
2,700
All Data
Poor Wells
Average
Wells
2,905
Good Wells
3,050
2,850
30
Avg. Well
All Data
3,150
3,100
3,050
3,000
2,950
2,900
2,850
2,800
2,750
2,700
74 THE AMERICAN OIL & GAS REPORTER
Excellent Wells
Good Wells
Very Good Wells
Average
Wells
Very Good Wells
Good Wells
Good Well
Poor
Wells
1,300
All Data
Very Good Wells
Poor
Wells
Poor Wells
Avg. Well
Good Well
Poor Wells
Avg. Well
Good Well
130
Excellent Wells
Very Good Wells
Very Good Wells Excellent Wells
Net Thickness
135
Average of
All Wells
125
Poor
Wells
120
All Data
Very Good Wells
Lateral Length
3,100
Poor Wells
Avg. Well
Good Well
Very Good Wells Excellent Wells
Lateral Length
3,050
3,000
Average of
All Wells
2,650
2,600
Good Well
1,350
140
Average of
All Wells
20
Lateral Length
3,150
Avg. Well
Net Thickness
121
120
Poor Wells
1,400
Excellent Wells
Average of
All Wells
All Data
40
1,450
1,250
35
Good Wells
134
2,900
Poor
Wells
1,500
Good Wells
Good Wells
137
136
130
1,400
Proppant per Foot
Average of
All Wells
All Data
Poor
Wells
Poor Wells
Avg. Well
Good Well
2,950
2,900
2,850
Average of
All Wells
2,800
2,750
2,700
Poor
Wells
2,650
2,600
Very Good Wells
All Data
Poor Wells
Avg. Well
Good Well
Excellent Wells
138
132
1,450
1,350
142
1,600
1,550
1,500
Good Well
Very Good Wells Excellent Wells
Very Good Wells
Avg. Well
Good Well
Very Good Wells
140
Average Net Thickness (ft)
Poor Wells
Net Thickness
Avg. Well
Good Wells
All Data
142
Very Good Wells
Proppant per Foot
Average of
All Wells
1,440
1,450
Good Well
Poor Wells
Good Wells
Poor
Wells
1,550
Poor
Wells
All Data
1,650
Average
Wells
1,500
Average
Wells
Average of
All Wells
Average
Wells
Proppant (lbs/ft)
1,610
Avg. Well
1,650
1,600
1,600
Poor Wells
8.50
8.00
Average
Wells
Proppant per Foot
All Data
Average of
All Wells
9.00
Average
Wells
1,700
9.50
Average
Wells
Good Well
Very Good Wells
Avg. Well
Very Good Wells
Poor Wells
1,650
1,550
Number of Stages
7.50
Very Good Wells
All Data
Poor
Wells
8.00
Good Wells
8.5
Good Wells
Poor
Wells
8.50
Good Wells
9.00
9.00
Average
Wells
Average of
All Wells
Average of
All Wells
Average
Wells
9.50
9.50
Average
Wells
9.6
Good Wells
10.00
10.00
8.50
Average Lateral Length (ft)
10.50
Number of Stages
10.50
10.00
Average
Wells
Average Lateral Length (ft)
10.50
Very Good Wells Excellent Wells
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017
Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 3
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 5
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 6
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 7
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 8
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 9
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 10
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 11
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 12
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 13
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 14
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 15
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 16
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 17
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 18
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 19
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 20
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 21
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 22
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 23
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 24
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 25
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 26
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 27
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 28
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 29
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 30
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 31
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 32
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 33
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 34
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 35
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 36
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 37
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 38
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 39
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 40
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 41
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 42
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 43
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 44
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 45
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 46
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 47
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 48
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 49
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 50
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 51
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 52
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 53
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 54
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 55
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 56
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 57
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 58
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 59
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 60
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 61
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 62
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 63
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 64
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 65
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 66
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 67
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 68
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 69
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 70
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 71
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 72
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 73
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 74
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 75
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 76
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 77
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 78
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 79
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 80
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 81
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 82
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 83
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 84
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 85
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 86
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 87
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 88
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 89
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 90
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 91
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 92
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 93
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 94
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 95
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 96
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 97
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 98
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 99
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 100
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 101
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 102
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 103
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 104
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 105
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 106
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 107
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 108
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 109
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 110
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 111
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 112
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 113
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 114
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 115
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 116
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 117
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 118
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 119
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 120
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 121
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 122
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 123
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2017 - 124
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202501
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202412
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202411
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202410
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202409
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202408
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202407
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202406
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202405
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202404
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202403
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202402
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202401
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202312
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios_202310
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202308
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202307
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202306
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202305
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202303
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202302
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202301
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios_202110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201806
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201802
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201801
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201707
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201706
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201705
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201704
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201703
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201702
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201701
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201612
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201611
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201610
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios2016_programguide
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201609
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201608
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201607
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201606
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201605
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201604
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201603
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201602
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201601
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201512
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201511
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201510
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201509
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201508
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201507
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201505
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201504
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201503
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201502
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201501
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201412
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201411
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201410
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201409
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios2014_programguide
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201408
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201407
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201406
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201405
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201404
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201403
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201402
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201401
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201312
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201310
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201308
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201307
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201306
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201305
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201303
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201302
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201301
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/2012_pbios
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/demo/aogr_clone
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201112
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com