American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2020 - 53

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perforations within a stage) were colored
and binned by design based on downhole
camera measurements. The stage perforation area can be converted to an equivalent diameter, which then can be used
to calculate perforation friction. Less perforation area should generate higher perforation friction when the same treating
rate is achieved.
Plotting average perforation friction
against average VFR suggests that higher
perforation friction correlates to a more
even distribution of stimulation fluid
among clusters, as indicated by higher
VFRs. As more fractures were generated
near the stimulated wellbore, more fluid
was required to generate a response in
the far-field. Design B, with the highest
perforation friction, had the highest VFR,
suggesting more uniform fluid distribution.
Design A, with the lowest perforation
friction, had the lowest VFR, signifying
less uniform fluid distribution.
Ultimately, the most important measure
of how a design performs is production.
Production measurements normalized by
lateral length were obtained using a downhole fiber optic production log. Design
B generated the highest normalized production rates and had the smallest production variance. Design A had the lowest
perforation friction, the lowest average
VFR, and the largest variance. Design D
generated the lowest average production.
Looking at average normalized production
per lateral foot versus average VFR shows
that the production data agrees qualitatively
with VFR, identifying the correct order
of performance (higher VFRs yielding
higher production rates).

Multiple applications in multiple
basins and formations have validated
SWPM's ability to quickly and economically evaluate and quantify fracture
growth rates and fracture-driven interactions during well stimulations using
only a surface pressure gauge on a sealed
monitor well. The technology can be
applied to optimize completion designs
from stage to stage and it has the potential
to allow operators to "right-size" stages
in real time. It can reduce the risk of
overcapitalizing a stimulation, ultimately
leading to more economic development.
r
Editor's Note: The preceding article
was adapted from SPE 199731 ("Monitoring the Pulse of a Well through Sealed
Wellbore Pressure Monitoring: a Breakthrough Diagnostic with a Multibasin
Case Study"), a technical paper prepared
for presentation at the 2020 Society of
Petroleum Engineers Hydraulic Fracturing
Technology Conference & Exhibition,
held Feb. 4-6 in The Woodlands, Tx.
For more detailed information on
SWPM technology and additional case
study results in Anadarko and Delaware
Basin applications, download the fulllength paper at www.onepetro.org.
The authors acknowledge Devon Energy colleagues Chris Ketter, Josh
O'Brien, Mouin Almasoodi, Sheldon
Moos, Trevor Klaassen, Kyle Dahlgren,
Trevor Ingle, Jon Roberts, Eric Gerding,
Jarret Borell, and Sundeep Sharma, all
of whom contributed to the development
of SWPM technology and its initial
field applications.

KYLE HAUSTVEIT is a completion

BRENDAN ELLIOTT is a senior staff

engineer at Devon Energy Corp. Haustveit
joined Devon as a production engineer
in 2013. He holds a B.S. in petroleum
engineering from Montana Tech of the
University of Montana, and an EMBA in
energy from the University of Oklahoma.

completion engineer at Devon Energy
Corp. He joined Devon in 2012 after
completing a B.S. in petroleum engineering from Texas A&M. Elliott is a
Ph.D. candidate in petroleum engineering at the University of Texas at Austin

WOLFGANG DEEG is a completion
engineer formerly at Devon Energy Corp.
He holds a B.S. in mechanical engineering
from the University of Connecticut, an
M.S. in materials science from California
Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. from
Stanford University.

JACKSON HAFFENER is a geophysicist at Devon Energy, where his work includes geophysical characterization of
the STACK play in the Anadarko Basin.
Haffener holds a B.S. and an M.S. in
geophysics and seismology from the University of Oklahoma.

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American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2020

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