American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2024 - 55

SpecialReport: AI and Computing
to create models from scratch every time
a change occurs. However, we can revise
the existing model by pairing AI with a
fast recursive updating technique borrowed
from control theory.
Recursive updating uses the old model,
the latest input data and feedback parameters
to constantly create a new model.
The process involves:
· Collecting data;
· Creating a preliminary model of
the system by relating the input data to
the output or model parameters;
· Measuring new data; and
· Updating the model by using the
new data and an " innovation process " that
incorporates adaptive control principles.
An application of this approach for
updating the fracture system from micro
seismic data before and after different
intervals of CO2 injection is shown in
Figure 5a. In this case, the slope of the
fracture grouping at the top of " stage 1 "
of injection gets steeper at the second
FIGURE 5
FRACTURE MAP
Recursive Model of Fracture Evolution from CO2 Injection
FRACTURE MAP
TREATMENT
WELL
OBSERVATION
WELL
TREATMENT
WELL
OBSERVATION
WELL
stage of injection, a change that may indicate
increased risk of induced seismicity
from the new injection. The stage 2
fracture map (FM2) is calculated " recursively, "
using a nonlinear operator (A),
based on the stage 1 fracture map (FM1)
and the new fractures (NF).
Figure 5b shows an AI-based fracture
model updating based on 3-D seismic
and microseismic data collected as part
of the Decatur project in the Illinois Basin.
In the upper right corner, the orange and
yellow areas reveal some updated fracture
patterns, while some of the fault pattern
updates are shown in red.
The gas probability map and recursive
model presented above represent a small
fraction of the potential use cases for AI
within exploration, drilling and production.
At almost every stage of a field's life
cycle, AI can reduce costs and uncertainties
while improving performance.
AI's impact will only grow with time.
That's partly because the AI algorithms
themselves are improving. At the same
time, new tools are making it easier to
apply those algorithms. And the more
those algorithms see use, the more people
learn about their strengths and limitations.
In the oil and gas industry, one of the
biggest drivers of AI's growing popularity
is the complexity of the problems we
face. As we overcome today's performance
limiters and seek to identify new ones,
we will almost certainly need to understand
the subsurface with greater nuance, a
task that will require us to analyze increasingly
vast and diverse data. By processing
that data quickly and accurately,
AI will help the oil and gas industry take
its next step forward.
❒
Editor's Note: This article draws in part
from " Artificial Intelligence and Data
Analytics for Energy Exploration and
Production, " a 584-page book that the
author co-wrote with Cenk Temizel and
Yasin Hajizadeh.
FRACTURE
RECEIVERS
FRACTURE
RECEIVERS
Stage 1
Stage 2
FM2= A(FM1, NF)
(a)
FRED
AMINZADEH
Fred Aminzadeh is the founder, president and chief executive officer of FACT Inc., a software
and service company. Aminzadeh also is a co-founder and board member of Energy Transition
International Inc., which applies artificial intelligence and fluid monitoring techniques to
support enhanced oil recovery, carbon storage, geothermal and lithium projects. He was a
member of the U.S. Department of Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory's
SMART (Science-Informed Machine Learning for Accelerating Real-Time Decisions in Subsurface
Applications) Initiative, a 10-year project that aims to significantly improve field-scale carbon
storage and unconventional oil and gas operations by using machine learning.
Aminzadeh served as president of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists from 2007-2008.
In 2018, SEG named him an honorary member in recognition of his contributions to the
industry, including pioneering work on using neural networks and fuzzy logic within oil and gas.
During his 40-year career, Aminzadeh spent 20 years at Unocal (now part of Chevron) and 10
years as president of the Americas division for dGB, the developer of the OpendTect platform.
NOVEMBER 2024 55
(b)

https://www.amazon.com/Artificial-Intelligence-Analytics-Exploration-Production/dp/1119879698

American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2024

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