* Energy mismanagement on final approach, for example too fast (excessive kinetic energy) and/or too high (excessive potential energy) on short final. * Unstabilized final approach (stabilized approach may be defined as maintaining a constant-angle glide path toward a predetermined point on the runway while at appropriate airspeed). * Runway hazards-airplanes, vehicles, humans, animals, and debris on runway. * Aircraft improperly cutting in front of an aircraft already established on final approach. * Another aircraft approaching to land on the same runway from the opposite direction. * Wind shear on final approach. * Wingtip vortices (wake turbulence). * Crosswinds on final approach causing substantial misalignment of the airplane with runway. * Substantially overshooting the turn from base to final. * Aircraft system/mechanical failures. * Air traffic control issues, for example, tower personnel ordering a pilot to go around. -MJB