LOOP Knowing where to look is the key to the loop. As the nose rises above the horizon, the pilot must look left and right to stay oriented. Approaching the top of the loop, the pilot looks overhead for the horizon. Then, as the nose drops and the airplane accelerates on the back side of the loop, the ground is visible again as the pilot looks straight ahead. SPIN Spins can be disorienting as the nose drops and the rate of rotation accelerates. Spins are intimidating at first, but practicing them takes away their mystery and reveals them to be just another maneuver that can be understood and mastered. CHARLES FLOYD AILERON ROLL Full aileron deflection (and coordinated rudder) are the initial steps in the aileron roll, a confidence-building maneuver that emphasizes decisive and sustained control inputs. A student's first aileron rolls are likely to begin with the nose well above the horizon. With practice, the initial pitch-up becomes less and less. AOPA.ORG/FT 31http://www.AOPA.ORG/FT