Premium on Safety - Issue 46, 2022 - 10

BEST PRACTICES
for the carrier 55 percent of the time, and
theft of personal data in an additional 34
percent of cases.
These are not unlike the hacks we see in the
news daily on big box retailers and utilities.
But the question for this forum is: How
realistic is an invasion into your airplane's
data and operating system? Ironically, the
more sophisticated your machine, the greater
the threat of being hacked. Older six-pack
legacy aircraft without any Wi-Fi connections
A lot of the fear of aircraft
control security is driven by
the comparison to the OnStar
automobile system.
or digital controllers are obviously immune
from cyberattacks. The further up the food
chain of " sophisticated, shiny, new, " the
greater the potential for invasion and control.
The first Wi-Fi connected airplane I flew was
the Pilatus PC-12NG with the Honeywell
APEX system. Even five years ago, all the
databases were uploaded over a 7110.65 WiFi
channel and maintenance information
was similarly downloaded and inspected
wirelessly. When we lost the password at one
point, I interrogated the manufacturer and
was told, " All the passwords at the system
level are the same unless they have been
changed. " Checking our four aircraft, I did
discover they were identical at the system
level (obviously not a good setup for security).
These local Wi-Fi networks are not connected
to the internet and only broadcast short-range
signals. In reality, the pilot device (usually a
tablet) is the more probable vector for intrusion.
By contrast, the freight-hauling " dot com air
force " fleet would " call home " over the internet
automatically every time they landed, conveying
all maintenance data and flight telemetry.
These pervasive sled dogs fly every morning
and night, delivering the nation's necessities.
And their systems are connected directly to
the internet. Our Apex system required active
pilot intervention to download and transmit
the information to the internet. The direct
connection is obviously the biggest threat.
The first dramatic report of " technological
takeover " of a sophisticated airline system
was Chris Roberts' 2015 claim that he
hacked into a flight entertainment system
and accessed the flight control systems
aboard airliners up to 20 times. This claim
sent a shock through the aviation cybercrime
Where has that handheld device been before the pilot
brought it onboard and integrated it into the onboard
navigation system and possibly the onboard Wi-Fi system?
world. He tweeted that he had been able
to control the aircraft engines during a
flight and command turns and climbs. The
FBI took these claims seriously enough to
issue a search warrant and seized his
computer equipment. United Airlines banned
Roberts from all future flights. It still has
not been conclusively determined if there
was any validity to these claims, but it sent
a shiver through the industry. United now
has created a cybersecurity department to
combat threats such as these, and a company
in Virginia, Shift 5, markets a monitoring
10
https://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Chris-Roberts-Application-for-Search-Warrant.pdf https://money.cnn.com/2015/04/17/technology/security/fbi-plane-hack/

Premium on Safety - Issue 46, 2022

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