Premium on Safety - Issue 46, 2022 - 18
LESSONS LEARNED
The miswiring of the wheel sensors is something
no pilot could reasonably have anticipated.
Some malfunction that increased stopping
distance, however, was scarcely beyond
imagination. Flying a " highly maneuverable
airplane " with favorable low-speed handling
might have made the downwind landing less of
an issue, but any tailwind inevitably increases
landing distance. More make-and-model
experience might have given the captain a
better sense of how much room was needed to
get that airplane down and stopped even with
Any tailwind inevitably
increases landing distance.
everything working correctly-and how little
margin remained if something wasn't. Greater
familiarity with the Unalaska airport on the
part of either pilot could also have triggered
alarms over the wisdom of continuing the
second approach.
NTSB performance studies found that even with
the braking malfunction, the Saab 2000 should
have been able to stop on the runway had it
slowed its touchdown speed by landing into the
wind, or by deploying 35 degrees of flaps rather
than the 20 degrees the crew selected. The
choice of a downwind landing on a relatively
short field exposed the aircraft to that risk of a
single-point failure we all strive to avoid.
David Jack Kenny is a freelance writer
and statistician.
THE EFFECTS OF COMPOUND FACTORS
The End is Closer Than You Think
Landing distance: From AFM (at target landing speed, 50 feet at the threshold crossing
height, dry runway, zero wind=0%). Data provided based on airport elevation/density altitude.
Excess threshold crossing height: With each 10 foot increase in threshold crossing
height, add 200 feet to the landing distance.
Increased landing speed: With each 10% increase in landing speed, increase
landing distance by 20%.
Runway slope: 10% increase in landing distance for each 1% downhill.
Tailwind: For each 10KTs, increase landing distance by 21%.
Less than maximum braking: Adding 20% to landing distance for less
than maximum braking.
Delay to employ deceleration devices: For each second beyond
2 seconds, add 200 feet to the landing distance.
Add 15% safety margin to the resultant required runway
length as recommended by SAFO 19001.
THE
END
5,000 Foot Available Runway
18
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