AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 87

WX WATCH /
On the lookout:
Lake-effect snows
When knee-deep snow and whiteouts
are winter fixtures
BY THOMAS A. HORNE
SO MUCH OF meteorology is a matter of
scales. Weather can be as small as a brief
onshore flow of wind (an example of a
microscale event) or as big as a 3,000-nautical-mile
dip in the jet stream (definitely
a global scale event). In between those
extremes are smaller events that escalate
in size and impact-from supercell thunderstorm
clusters (mesoscale) to frontal
systems, hurricanes, and extra-large
high- and low-pressure centers, which fit
in what are called synoptic scale events.
Various types of mesoscale and synoptic
scale weather are often associated with
the geography that helps them thrive. So,
we have tornado alley in the Midwest,
southwest monsoons in Arizona, and an
area famous for lots of lightning east of
Tampa, Florida.
The Great Lakes make news as home
of lake-effect snows, which are well
known for their ability to suddenly dump
several feet of snow on the windward
shores of the states bordering them, as
well as reducing visibilities to low-IFR
status-or lower. That's when airports like
those around Buffalo, Watertown, Erie,
Cleveland, and many other nearby locations
shut down until conditions improve.
So how did we get the term " lakeeffect "
to describe these snows? It helps
to know that the worst of these snows happen
in November and early December. In
late autumn the lakes haven't yet had a
chance to become cold enough to freeze,
and the water temperature may be in
the 50-degree range. So any subfreezing,
fast-moving winds aloft passing
over them encounter the warmer lake air
below. Cold air aloft paired with warm air
beneath is a setup for instability, so the
warmer lake air is drawn into the colder
air aloft, where it condenses into clouds,
creating snow crystals.
Typically, strong cold fronts descending
from Canada start the process, which
can last several days. Sometimes several
lakes will generate lake-effect snows, other
times the snowfalls are more localized. In
extreme cases, strong winds can blow lakeeffect
snows deeper into Michigan, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and New York state, and
even reach the Appalachian Mountains.
Whatever the case, lake-effect snows
are well-advertised in aviation weather
reports and briefings, so they shouldn't be
a surprise for any well-briefed pilot. And
as winter progresses the lakes can freeze
over, ending moisture transport to the air
and ending the lake-effect snow season.
Lake-effect snows aren't the only aviation
hazards around the Great Lakes.
Lake-effect snows are well-advertised in aviation
weather reports and briefings, so they shouldn't be a
surprise for a well-briefed pilot.
AOPA PILOT / February 2023
87
NOAA

AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023

Contents
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - Intro
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - Cover1
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - Cover2
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - Contents
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 2
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 3
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 4
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 5
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 6
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 7
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 8
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 9
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 10
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 11
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 12
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 13
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 14
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 15
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 16
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 17
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 18
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 19
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 20
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 21
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 22
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 23
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 24
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 25
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 26
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 27
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 28
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 29
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 30
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 31
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 32
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 33
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 34
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 35
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 36
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 37
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 38
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 39
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 40
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 41
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 42
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 43
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 44
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 45
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 46
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 47
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 48
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - R1
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - R2
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - R3
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - R4
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-1
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-2
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-3
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-4
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-5
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-6
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-7
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-8
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-9
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-10
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-11
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-12
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-13
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-14
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-15
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - T-16
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 49
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 50
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 51
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 52
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 53
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 54
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 55
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 56
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 57
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 58
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 59
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 60
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 61
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 62
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 63
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 64
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 65
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 66
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 67
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 68
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 69
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 70
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 71
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 72
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 73
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 74
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 75
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 76
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 77
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 78
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 79
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 80
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 81
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 82
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 83
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 84
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 85
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 86
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 87
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 88
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 89
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 90
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 91
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 92
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 93
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 94
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 95
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 96
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 97
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 98
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 99
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 100
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 101
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 102
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 103
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 104
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 105
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 106
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 107
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 108
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 109
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 110
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 111
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - 112
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - Cover3
AOPA Turbine Pilot Magazine - February 2023 - Cover4
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