APMA News - September/October 2023 - 34
coding
Artificial Intelligence and
Inherent Racial Bias
APMA Coding Committee
Artificial Intelligence Taxonomy for Medical Services and Procedures1
Service Components
AI Category: Assistive
AI Category: Augmentive
AI Category:
Autonomous
Primary objective
Detects clinically relevant data
Analyzes and/or quantifies data
in a clinically meaningful way
Provides independent
diagnosis and/or management
decision
Requires physician or other
QHP interpretation and report
Examples in CPT code set
Interprets data and
independently generates
clinically meaningful
conclusions
No
Yes
Computer-aided detection
(CAD) imaging (77048, 77049,
77065-77067, 0042T, 0174T,
0175T)
No
Yes
Continuous glucose monitoring
(CGM) (95251), external
processing of imaging data sets
Yes
No
Retinal imaging
(92229)
Artificial intelligence is evolving rapidly and will
have a significant impact on the practice of medicine
in the near future. The AMA has already begun
by categorizing AI as shown above. APMA will keep
a finger on the pulse of change as it happens.
The acceleration of technology and AI has raised
some very concerning questions. Chief among
them is inherent bias. Inherent bias refers to the
potential for biased outcomes or decisions that
are produced by AI systems. AI systems learn from
data, and if the data used for training contains
biases, the AI system can inadvertently perpetuate
or amplify those biases in its outputs.
We may want to believe the practice of medicine
and the research within medical communities
are immune from inherent bias. But consider a
study regarding racial bias in pain management
and treatment recommendations. The study,
34
apmanews
SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2023
" Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment
recommendations, and false beliefs about biological
differences between Blacks and whites, " 2
examined pain management among patients with
metastatic or recurrent cancer and found that only
35 percent of racial minority patients received the
appropriate prescriptions-as established by World
Health Organization guidelines-compared with 50
percent of nonminority patients.
The study noted the following:
Broadly speaking, there are two potential ways
by which racial disparities in pain management
could arise. The first possibility is that physicians
recognize Black patients' pain, but do not choose
to treat it, perhaps due to concerns about noncompliance
or access to health care. The second
possibility is that physicians do not recognize Black
patients' pain in the first place, and thus cannot treat
APMA News - September/October 2023
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of APMA News - September/October 2023
Contents
APMA News - September/October 2023 - Intro
APMA News - September/October 2023 - CT1
APMA News - September/October 2023 - CT2
APMA News - September/October 2023 - Cover1
APMA News - September/October 2023 - Cover2
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 3
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 4
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 5
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 6
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 7
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 8
APMA News - September/October 2023 - Contents
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 10
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 11
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 12
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 13
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 14
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 15
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 16
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 17
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 18
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 19
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 20
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 21
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APMA News - September/October 2023 - 25
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 26
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 27
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 28
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APMA News - September/October 2023 - 30
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 31
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 32
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 33
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 34
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 35
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 36
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 37
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APMA News - September/October 2023 - 65
APMA News - September/October 2023 - 66
APMA News - September/October 2023 - Cover3
APMA News - September/October 2023 - Cover4
APMA News - September/October 2023 - A1
APMA News - September/October 2023 - A2
APMA News - September/October 2023 - A3
APMA News - September/October 2023 - A4
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