Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - 8
of time.
With the discovery of the crypt the mystery of the
Temple of the Inscriptions was solved. We now know
that the pyramid was not built solely to serve as the
base for the temple, as was formerly believed to be the
exclusive function of all American pyramids as opposed to those of Egypt which contained mortuary
chambers. Rather, this Palenque pyramid served to
conceal the most sacred of the sanctuaries, reached
from the temple by an interior staircase. The perforated stone whose purpose was unknown and which
first awakened our curiosity was a movable cover to
close the entrance to this stairway on the floor of the
temple.
One of the stucco bas-reliefs on the walls of
the crypt, showing a priest carrying scepter
and shield - emblem of the sun. The relief is
partially obscured by calcareous formations.
gion and with the ceremonies that were celebrated in
the crypt. The carving represents a young man, reclining on a large mask of the Earth Monster, depicted in
macabre style; above his body stands a cross, identical
with that on the famous Tablet of the Cross in another
temple at Palenque. With it, there is a two-headed serpent from whose mouth emerge small mythological
beings, and a quetzal bird with a mask of the rain god.
We may presume that the scene synthesizes fundamental concepts of the Maya religion: the veneration
of maize, a plant that needs human aid for its life, and,
in turn, assures man's life; the mortal destiny of man,
from whose sacrifice springs life in the aspect of the
cruciform motif (tree of life or stylization of the
corn); the intimate relation between rain and the
farmer; the cosmic frame that surrounds human existence, in which the stars govern the unalterable course
8
the cou'rse of our explorations we found indicaIN tions of a late occupancy of Palenque by people
coming from the Gulf Coast. The great Maya city
must have been threatened by hostile invasion for a
considerable period, to repel which they had to construct defensive works and develop a military class.
It is probable that, at the time of greatest peril, this
threat induced the priests to close the secret chamber
so that it might not suffer foreign profanation. After
a solemn ceremony, they left their offering of pottery
vessels, broke a jade mosaic and a necklace with slate
pendants over the carved cross, and, simulating a great
sacrifice, deposited beneath the altar two beautiful human heads broken from stucco figures. Then they closed
the sanctuary and sacrificed the six noble youths among them one girl - to be eternal guardians of the
crypt. Finally they filled up the stairway, from the bottom to the floor of the temple, feeling sure that no human being would ever discover their great secret. The
closing of the chamber probably took place during the
tenth century, and the occupation of Palenque by coast
people one or two centuries later.
Nevertheless, although they might be able to resist
the enemy and remain in their city, the priests had to
keep in contact with the supernatural forces locked in
the secret chamber, and had to communicate with the
deities symbolized in the reliefs on the altar and the
walls. To do this, they placed a magic conduit which
leaves the center of the altar curving like a serpent,
passes under the threshold like a pipe to the floor of the
corridor, and ascends like a hollow moulding placed on
the steps of the stairway until it reaches the center of
the perforated stone on the floor of the temple. The
Pueblo Indians had a similar idea in making a hole
(sipapu) in the floor of their kiva to represent the entrance to the supernatural world, just as the Zapotees
ARCHAEOLOGY
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Archaeology Magazine - March 1953
Contents
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - Cover1
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - Cover2
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - 1
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - 2
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - Contents
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - 4
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - 5
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - 6
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - 7
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - 8
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Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - Cover3
Archaeology Magazine - March 1953 - Cover4
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