Archaeology Magazine - June 1958 - 66

intra-group as well as inter-group I
gather from a footnote of the article
by Robert J. Braidwood: "One of my
Old World colleagues once observed
that they (the Americanists) have to
'write learned about little' to keep
themselvesemployed full time. This is
unfair." And if it is unfair to make
the statement so it might be to quote
it, but perhaps not wholly so.
After this somewhat athematic beginning most of the authors observe
the unity of theme. C. W. Biegenshows
that "the bridge (of communications)
between the east and the west during
the third and second millenniumsB.c."
was kept open through the waterways
along the south coast of Asia Minor.
Hâmit Zíibeyr Ko§ay points to a connection (through tradition in art) between the third millennium B.c. and
the present time in patterns of Anatolian jewelry. Machteld J. Mellink, in
a well reasoned article, sounds a warning against "an unqualified suggestion
of an Early Bronze Age koine by
emphasizing local differentiations, intelligible in the light of such "contact
by trade, exchange, technical and artistic influence" as the archaeological
material points to. J. L. Benson uses
seal impressionsfrom Cyprus to illustrate "cultural stimulation from both
east and west." Cyrus H. Gordon
explainsHomericreferenceto fyfiiovpyoí
in terms of wandering Ugaritic guilds.
W. F. Albright- in the field of linguistics- seeks to shorten the gap between the Late Bronze Age and the
Early Iron Age, and quotes Alan J. B.
Wace, expressing hopes that the discovery of an inhabited site of the
Early Iron Age will some day prove
the earlier introduction of the Phoenician alphabet. George M. A. Hanfmann presents a preview of a more
extensivestudy of Eastern Greek wares
found at Tarsus, in which he shows
"Greek contacts with the coastal cities
of Cilicia and North Syria" during the
Iron Age. Edith Porada, aiming at
"the clarification of East-West relations," traces the origin of some seals,
found over a wide area from Syria to
Sparta- and concludes that the center
of their production was Rhodes. Richard D. Barnett faces squarely the
problem of "intercourse and cross-fertilization which took place between
peoples in antiquity," and shows the
Oriental elements that influencedHellenic culture. P. Amandry discussesthe
138

Oriental origin of bronze cauldrons
with bull protomes, and their development in Greece and Etruria; and
Gladys and Saul Weinberg show the
earliest occurrenceof the myth of Lydian Arachne on a Corinthian aryballos.
East-West relations of Classical
times must take account of the Persian
Wars and their effect upon Greece.
Benjamin D. Meritt reviews the whole
controversy of the epigrams from the
Battle of Marathon; and Dorothy
Burr Thompson discusses the Persian
spoils acquired by the Athenians; she
suggests that they may have been carried in triumph in the Panathenaic
procession,and became "absorbed into
the ritual."
In none of the articles is the EastWest relation so fully substantiatedor over so long a period- as in an article on "The Canaanite Jar" by Virginia R. Grace. By means of illustrations from Egyptian tomb paintings
and by extant examples from Palestine, Syria and Egypt, in the eastand from Athens, Menide, Argos, Mycenae, to Ampurias (Spain) in the
west- her "article follows the travels
of the Canaanite Jar, and the rooting
and development of the shape in new
countries" from the eighteenth to the
first century B.c. Is it possible to extract from a plain, utilitarian object,
such as a terracotta wine container, a
story of absorbing interest, on the
theme of East-meet-West?The answer
is yes. The article furthermore demonstrates the need for the highly specialized approach to archaeologicalinquiry
into objects of a specializednature.
In a few other cases the authors
have interpreted less rigidly the injunction toward unity of theme. Three articles deal with problems of Mycenaean antiquities without obvious Anatolian overtures. George E. Mylonas
illustrates a type of Late Bronze Age
figurineof a seated goddess,frequently
placed in children's graves; Frances F.
Jones publishes three Mycenaean figurines in the Art Museum of Princeton University. Alan J. B. Wace reviews the evidence for the chronology
of Mycenae at the end of the Bronze
Age. He reiterates his adherence to the
traditional dates of the Trojan War
(Eratosthenes 1183 b.c., Parian Chronicle 1209), and attempts to reconcile
thesewith the resultsof excavation.This
places the Trojan War and the reign
of the Atreidae approximately at the

time of- or subsequent to- the destruction of the major strongholds of
Greece, an event more logically
equated with the invasion of Greece
by the Dorians. In his recent book,
Ancient Mycenae,George Mylonashas
made a fresh approach to this crucial
problem by down-dating the "Treasury
of Atreus" to the middle of the thirteenth century. The definite solution
to the problem will, I believe,be forthcoming when all the evidence from
Troy and Pylos has been presented.
The last three articles bring us to
post-Classical times. O. Neugebauer
writes on Hipparchus of Nicaea in
Bithynia, "the greatest astronomer of
antiquity." George C. Miles publishes
a collectionof Islamic coins from Tarsus, chiefly eighth to early tenth century. The final contribution, by C. H.
E. Haspels, is an article of great interest about the earliest European travelers in inner Phrygia.
In this symphonic orchestration on
the East-West theme one instrument
is conspicuous by its silence: there is
no mention of the impact of JudaeoChristian religion upon Western ,
thought and mores, nor are there any
articles dealing specifically with the
archaeologythat would illuminate this
phase of the relationship between East
and West. We may ascribe this omission to a regrettably rigid departmentalization of archaeology; it does not
mar the symphoniceffectof the whole.
Oscar Broneer
The University of Chicago
CYRENAICAN
EXPEDITION
OFTHEUNIVERSITYOF MANCHESTER,
1952.Edited by
Alan Rowe, with contributions by
Derek Buttle and John Gray, xii,
59 pages* 6 plates, 13 figures (plans,
elevations), 1 map. Manchester University Press. Barnes and Noble, New
York 1956 $5.00
Alan Rowe, familiar to many especially for his work in Egypt, spent the
summer of 1952 in Cyrenaica with a
group of colleaguesfrom England, and
here reports on some aspects of their
work together. We have three essays.
One is a typologicalstudy of tombs in
the vicinity of Cyrene by Rowe himself. The second discussesthe city plan
of Cyrene, so far as we now know it
(Buttle), and concernsitself also with
the development of the Doric order
there. The third, by Gray, presents a
small group of what seem to be Jewish

Archaeology Magazine - June 1958

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