Archaeology Magazine - April 1970 - 43

View of a part of the route in the Upper Medjerdavalleyin Tunisia
along whichScipiomovedtowardshis decisivevictoryover Hannibalat Zama

Stephane Gsell, the great French historian of North
Africa, writing in the early part of this century, said
"One is forced to the conclusion that one of the early
transcribers of Livy's work, either because Naraggara
was his birthplace or he had some other attachment to
it, on his own introduced its name into the manuscript." Later scholars are more inclined to credit
Naraggara as an authentic rendition of Livy but one
authority suggests that Livy himself made an error in
transcribing from Polybius.
In any event, we can be sure the battle was not
fought there. Sakiet (Naraggara) is fifty miles, a three
days' march, from Zama which would hardly be the
mere tactical "move to advantageous position" that
took place during the brief time between Hannibal's
request for a meeting and Scipio's agreement to hold
the historic conversation.
One reason writers have given for regarding Sakiet
as the location is that Scipio may have wished to move
that far toward Numidia in order to assure that his
ally, Massinissa, would join him in time to take part
in the battle. Polybius says, however, that Massinissa
joined Scipio the day after Hannibal asked for a meeting and before Scipio moved his camp. So the move
was not motivated by Scipio's desire to establish contact with his Numidian ally.
We can eliminate Sakiet and other suggested spots
in the area around it.
The only argument for considering the area around
Sidi Amor el Djedidi is that during Roman times (i.e.
after 46 b.c.) it bore the name of Colonia Zamensis.
By its very name it was a Roman administrative center. We do not know what it was called in the time of
Hannibal, or even if it existed. We do know, however, that there was, in pre-Roman days, a prominent

city that bore the name of Zama and it can be presumed that when Polybius and other ancient historians
said "Zama" they meant the Zama of Hannibal's time
and not the Colonia Zamensis of later centuries. Moreover, Scipio had been moving up the Bagradas (Medjerda) valley whereas Colonia Zamensis was on the
Oued Marouf which flows into a dry lake near Kairouan, a different part of the country. Finally, the
area does not lend itself to the description of the battle's terrain given by Polybius.
We are left with the area between Siliana and Le
Sers. Some writers have placed the battle in the great
field that lies between the little modern village of
Jama and Siliana. A stone found at Jama bears the
ancient inscription "Zama M. . o." which could have
been either Minor or Maior. It has generally been assumed that it was Zama Minor to distinguish it from
the great Zama Regia (nine miles away), although
Gsell observes that it must have been Maior since ordinary vanity would have led them to include Maior,
if such it was, whereas the same vanity would have led
them to omit the qualifying Minor, if that was in
fact the correct description of their village. Such considerations, however, did not keep other ancient cities
from using the suffix "Minor" and in view of the
proximity of the great capital Zama Regia it would
appear that "Minor" would have been the more apt
and likely appellation for this Zama.
There are, however, various reasons for doubting
that the battle took place in the Siliana valley. First is
the logic of the situation. Scipio had been engaged
in a scorched earth operation from Utica up the
Medjerda valley. His objective was to join forces
with Massinissa,coming from the west, and then force
123



Archaeology Magazine - April 1970

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Archaeology Magazine - April 1970

Contents
Archaeology Magazine - April 1970 - Cover1
Archaeology Magazine - April 1970 - Cover2
Archaeology Magazine - April 1970 - 1
Archaeology Magazine - April 1970 - 2
Archaeology Magazine - April 1970 - Contents
Archaeology Magazine - April 1970 - 4
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