(Left) A vine tied to a chestnut stake with willow withe in a modern vineyard near Pompeii. (Right) A vine tied to a chestnut stake with a poplar withe in a modern vineyard near Pompeii. willow (salix), and the poplar (populus ) to furnish ties for the vines. The visitor to a Pompeian vineyard today sees the sanie willow and poplar grown for ties. Evidence of a third path running along the north wall was found in 1970 when this part of the vineyard was excavated. During the 1968 excavations, two well preserved examples of propagating new vines by layering were found. The ancient manuals give detailed directions. The layering technique used in our vineyard was simple: the shoot was bent over and shallowly covered with soil until it rooted. Plants for a new vineyard or replacements for missing vines were started by layering in antiquity just as they are today. In the two examples found, the cavity of the shoot was in each case perfectly preserved as well as the roots which had already formed. 56 Cleaning the vine layer . In the next issue of Archaeology we will complete the account of the ancient vineyard with recently discovered details about its operation and its place in the life of Pompeii. Funds for the excavation of this vineyard were provided by the General Research Board of the University of Maryland. The vineyard is one of the gardens and cultivated areas to be discussed by the author in a book, The Gardens of Pompeii , Herculaneum, and Stabiae , that was in part written during the tenure of a Senior Fellowship granted by the National Endowment for the Humanities.