Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 25
(Above) Conservation at Dunhuang y
begun in 1951, has included refacing the
exposed cliff front and planting trees
to protect the caves from the wind.
(Below)Construction of new connecting
walkways along the face of the cliff
enables visitors to view the grottoes ,
which were carved in as many as four
levels.
merit through acts of generosity. In
the spirit of this altruism, missionaries struggled to bring Buddhist
teachings across Central Asia, and in
the same spirit believers supported
their work by sponsoring monasteries and cave temples.
Yet not all of the early cave decorations have such clearly instructional purposes. A second general
type of interior arrangement at Dun-
huang displays a statue of a preaching Buddha, while the surrounding
walls depict heavenly beings or
evenly spaced rows of small Buddhas, each identical except in color.
The Buddhas on the walls are as
regular as patterned wallpaper.
Unlike the narrative caves, the effect
is not one of activity and variety
but of calm and order.
The inspiration for these caves
also comes from Buddhist scripture,
for the intention is to present a
context for meditation. The development of Mahayana Buddhism introduced not only the ideal of the
compassionate Bodhisattva, but
also a complex pantheon of supernatural figures and cosmic Buddhas
who could assist the believer in his
efforts to fulfill his own Buddhahood. The historical Buddha was
held to be one specific manifestation
of a cosmic Buddha. Similarly there
were Buddhas in all ten directions
and in the many universes. These
ideas were presented in the Mahayana sutras written between 100 B.c.
and A.D. 400. Of these, the two
most influential at Dunhuang were
the Lotus Sutra and the Vimalakirti
Sutra.
The Lotus Sutra is remarkable
for the way it renders obscure metaphysical ideas tangible through
vivid description and effective parables. One method of eliminating
the attachment to the ego is through
meditation on the visual aspects
of the multitudinous Buddha worlds.
In this sense, the decoration of
some early caves can be said to represent a type of cosmic vision of
the present moment, whose ethereal
character is enhanced by heavenly
beings shown flying about the upper
portions of the chamber. Although
there are some pre-Sui caves that are
almost exclusively narrative or
exclusively visionary, it is common
for both aspects to be present in
different parts of the same cave, or
even on different sections of the
same wall.
Another idea that affected the
decoration of the Dunhuang caves
was the belief in a number of paradises. A devotee could expect to be
reborn if he had stored sufficient
merit in the present life or had expressed personal faith in the Buddha
1983
January/February
25
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983
Contents
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - Cover1
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - Cover2
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 1
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 2
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - Contents
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 4
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 5
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 6
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 7
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 8
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 9
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 10
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 11
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 12
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 13
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 14
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 15
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 16
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 17
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 18
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 19
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 20
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 21
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 22
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 23
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 24
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 25
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 26
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 27
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 28
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 29
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 30
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 31
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 32
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 33
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 34
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 35
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 36
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 37
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 38
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 39
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 40
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 41
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 42
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 43
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 44
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 45
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 46
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 47
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 48
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 49
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 50
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 51
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 52
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 53
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 54
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 55
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 56
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 57
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 58
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 59
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 60
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 61
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 62
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 63
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 64
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 65
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 66
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 67
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 68
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 69
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 70
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 71
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 72
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 73
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 74
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 75
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 76
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 77
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 78
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 79
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - 80
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - Cover3
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 1983 - Cover4
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