Archaeology Magazine - July/August 1983 - 80

WORDS

REMEMBER

Inca-the highlandempirewhose
capitalwasat Cuzco.TheIncaruled
the Andeanworldfromsouthern
Animalroom-innortheastern
Iran,
Colombia
to northern
and
Argentina
a structurebuiltinthesamemanner Chile in the centurybefore the
as anyothervillageroombutused
SpanishConquest.
to stablelivestock.
Middle Horizon-theperiodfrom
Handstone-ahand-held
stonetool
a.D.540to 950when
approximately
usedinconjunction
witha stationmanyregionalculturesin northern
arybottomstoneto grindgrainor
Peruwereinfluenced
or dominated
othermaterial.
state of Wari.
bythe expansionist
Livingroom-amulti-purpose
family Moche-thepredominantcoastal
roomusedmainlyforeating,sleepcultureof the NorthCoastduring
ing, leisure time activities,and
the EarlyIntermediate
period.The
entertaining.In small Iranianvilexquisiteceramicsandotherartilages,a singleroomservesthe enfacts of the Mocheare wellrepretirefamily.
sentedin museumcollections.
Loomwarp-intextilemanufacture, Relictforest-intheUpperZañarethe fixedarrangement
of threads
gionandthe areato the northand
throughwhichcross-threads,or
east,thistermrefersto patchesof
weft,willbe woven.InBaghestan, forestremainingafter a periodof
these werestretchedouttaut and
loweredtree linesandmoreextenfixedto a woodenringset intothe
sive forestationduringthe Late
wallof the room.
to 15,000
Pleistocene,
some10,000
Mudbrick-unbaked
bricksmadeof
yearsago.
strawandmud,shapedin wooden
molds,andset outinthesunto dry. PAPYRUSAND ANCIENT
Peckingstone-asmallhardstone
WRITING,page 31
usedto shapeotherstonetools,or
to "resharpen"millingstonesthat
Cartonnage-several layers of
havebecomesmooththroughuse.
papyrus,usuallypreviouslyused,
stone
Rubbingstone-a hand-held
glued and plasteredtogetherfor
tool used for smoothingand poltensile strengthand shaped into
ishingratherthanpecking,
crushing mummy
cases.
or grinding.
Cursive script-handwriting
that
Storeroom-a structure used to
"runs"(cursive)
letters
along,linking
store goodsand equipment.One
togetherandliftingthe penoffthe
typeis used mostlyfor domestic pageonlywhenconvenient
forthe
storage,the otherto storeagricul- writer,or whenthe penrunsoutof
turalequipment
andsupplies.
ink. In the interestof speed-its
chiefpurpose-suchwriting
usually
roundsoffthe pointsandanglesof
THE UPPER ZAÑAVALLEY, letters.
"Damping out"-the process of
PERU, page 22
recovered
ancient
gentlymoistening
Chavin-theearliestrecognized
Anpapyriin orderto uncreasethem
deancivilization,
whosecharacter- andrestorethemas faras possible
istic styles in ceramics,textiles to theiroriginalcondition.
andarchitecture
withwritingon
appearedin many Ostraca-potsherds
areas of the CentralAndesduring them.Originally
introduced
as balthe EarlyHorizon
of the first and
lots in the Athenianvoteon bansecondmillennia
b.c.
ishment(hence"ostracism"),
they
Chimu-theChimustate,the King- wereusedinPtolemaicandRoman
domofChimor,
wasthelargestand
times-especially bypoorpeople,
mosthighlyorganized
ofa seriesof
sincetheycost nothing
-for brief
expansioniststates on the North messagesof all kinds,mostespeCoast. Centeredin the Moche- ciallyfortax receipts.
Chicama-Viru
complexof valleys, Palaeography-thedecipherment
this state conqueredthe coastal
of ancient handwritingsand the
valleysfromTumbesinthenorthto
studyof theircharacteristicsand
the Chillón,just northof modern stylistic developmentover the
centuries.
Lima,betweena.D.1200and1450.
Ecozone-anareacharacterized
by
Papyrology-althoughthis term
a particular
and
climate,geography,
oughtto mean"the studyof (all)
Taken papyri,"it has comeby common
plantandanimalpopulations.
together,these maybe considered consentto denotea subdiscipline
naturalresourcesof potentialuse
of Classics,namelythe studyof
to humangroups.
the papyri(andostraca)writtenin
RECYCLINGIN IRAN,
page 16

ARCHAEOLOGY

GreekandLatin.
anaquaticplant,Cyperus
Papyrus-1)
papyrus, foundinmanypartsofthe
ancientand modernworld;2) the
manuwriting"paper"of antiquity,
facturedin Egyptfromthe pithof
the plantandshippedto the entire
Mediterranean
worldanditsfringes.
Parchment-a writing material
made fromanimalskins. It was
forbookproduction
usedespecially
in late antiquityand Mediaeval
times.
(Jncials-individual
letters written
separately,withoutligatures.Uncialswereusedalmostexclusively
incopying
books,notintheordinary
affairsof dailylife.
Splashed glassware-a type of
vesselwhosesurfaceis decorated
with randomlyapplied blobs of
glass,oftenin manycolors.
Striped mosaic ware (ribbon
glass)-a typeof vesselmadefrom
lengthsof brightlycoloredglass
canes laidside byside.
ROMANGLASS INDUSTRY
page 38
Alabastra-tall, narrowvessels
used by the Greeksand Romans
as containersfor perfumesand
ointments.
Coretechnique-amethodofmakinga vesselbyapplyinghotglass
overa core of material(clayand
sand withan organicbindersuch
as dung)previously
formedintothe
desiredshapeof the vessel.Once
theglassiscool,thecoreisscraped
out.
Cane-aglass rod,oftenin several
colors.
Casting technique-a methodof
makinga vessel throughuse of
ceramic,metalor woodenmolds
over or into whichhot glass is
placed.
Gold-bandmosaic ware-a type
of vessel made fromserpentine
bandsof blue,purple,green,and
othercolors,together
occasionally
withbandsofgold-glass(shattered
gold leaf laminatedbetweentwo
colorlessstripsof glass).
Networkmosaicware (reticeli)
glass)-a typeofvesselmadefrom
lengthsof colorlessglass canes
woundwithopaquewhite,opaque
yellowor othercoloredthreads.
often
Pyxis-acosmeticcontainer,
witha lid.
Rotarypolishing-amethodof finishingthesurfaceofa glassvessel
latheand
throughuseofa polishing
abrasives.

Thorn steppe-a semi-aridplant
associationcharacterizedby an
openparklandofseasonalgrasses
and smallthornytrees or shrubs.
Wherethereis slightlymoremoisture,itgradesintoa drythornforest
of deciduousthornytrees with
smallergrassyareas.
Tropicalmontaneforest-anevergreenforestofvarioustreespecies
whichare adaptedbothto tropical
conditionsand a highaltitude.It
occurs in the UpperZaña region
between1,700and 3,000 meters
abovesea level.
ALCHIMONASTERYOF
LADAKH,page 46
Amitäbha-theBuddhaof infinite
lifeand Lordof the WesternParadise,whobecamethe focusof an
cultin China,Japanand
important
Korea.
Avalokitešvara-thespiritualson
of Amitãbhaand the most important MahayanaBuddhistdeity.An
embodiment
of compassion,he is
the saviorgodpar excellenceand
the all-seeinggod.
onewhois of pleasMañju$ri-the
ant appearance;
a youthful
deityof
the embodiVajrayänaBuddhism,
mentof wisdomandknowledge.
ChAten-the
oldestandmostenduringsymboloftheBuddhist
faith,as
thecrossisforChristianity.
Avotive
it is
objectas wellas a reliquary,
distinguished
byits hemispherical
shapesurmountedbya tall spire.
Droclan-anancientnoblelineage
in Tibet.
Dukhang-theassemblyhall in a
usedbymonksforconmonastery
gregational
purposes.
inwestGuge-anancientkingdom
ern Tibetthat flourishedfromthe
tenthuntiltheseventeenth
century.
Lotsawa-aTibetanwordmeaning
an eminenttranslatorof sacred
texts fromSanskritintoTibetan.
Mandala-aschematicdiagram
representinga celestialpalace and
the cosmos.It is used
symbolizing
by bothHindusand Buddhiststo
evokea deityand as an aid for
meditation.
Thanka-aTibetanwordfora religiouspaintingon linenor cotton.
"a rolledup image."
Literally,
Vairocana-acosmicandtranscendentalBuddhawhoformsa pentad
alongwith Amitãbhaand others.
Thenameliterallymeans"derived
fromthe sun" and henceemphasizes the solar characterof the
Buddha.

Archaeology Magazine - July/August 1983

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Archaeology Magazine - July/August 1983