JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2013 VOLUME 66, NUMBER 1 CONTENTS features 25 Top 10 Discoveries of 2012 ARCHAEOLOGY’s editors reveal the year’s most compelling finds 32 Mohenjo-Daro’s New Story What may be the Bronze Age’s largest city lies on the plains of Pakistan BY ANDREW LAWLER 38 Neolithic Europe’s Remote Heart One thousand years of spirituality, innovation, and social development emerge from a ceremonial center on the Scottish archipelago of Orkney BY KATE RAVILIOUS 45 The Water Temple of Inca-Caranqui Was hydraulic engineering the key to winning the hearts and minds of a conquered people? BY JULIAN SMITH 50 Gateway to the Netherworld Spectacular finds reveal the millennia-long history of one of Egypt’s most important sanctuaries BY MARY-ANN POULS WEGNER 34 Over the 90 years of excavation at Mohenjo-Daro, archaeologists have dug trenches as deep as 40 feet, exposing 700 years of evidence of occupation at the site. Cover: A tomb painting from Luxor shows Osiris, the Egyptian god of the dead. For millennia, Osiris was worshipped at sites across Egypt, including the sanctuary of Abydos. COPYRIGHT ARALDO DE LUCA 1