Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 12
FROM THE TRENCHES
Mussel Mass in Lake Ontario
1982
F
or the last 25 years, invaders
have staked an ever-more-alarming
claim to the Great Lakes. Zebra
and quagga mussels, small molluscs
native to eastern Europe, are a serious
problem in bodies of freshwater through-
2006
out the Midwest. They have colonized
and blocked water pipes, and can lead to
the breakdown of dock pilings and even
steel and concrete. The ongoing invasion
has underwater archaeologists concerned
about the fate of the lakes’ many historic
wrecks. This concern led Parks Canada
and the city of Hamilton, Ontario,
to begin a new effort to examine the
wrecks of Hamilton and Scourge, two
merchant ships that were pressed into
military service in the War of 1812 and
sank in a sudden squall in 1813. Recent
surveys using sonar and remotely operated vehicles have revealed significant
infestation of the well-preserved wrecks.
The quagga mussels present a long-term
preservation concern, and they also conceal the wrecks (even though, ironically,
they tend to make the water clearer),
making the sites increasingly difficult
to study and assess.
—SAMIR S. PATEL
Europe’s First Carpenters
R
esearchers in Germany have
discovered four wells more than
7,000 years old. The wells, all
underground constructions of hewn oak,
are evidence that Neolithic inhabitants
of central Europe were accomplished
carpenters, capable of felling and working trees three feet thick into planks,
then carefully fitting them together.
One of the wells, found near the town of
Altscherbitz, was removed from waterlogged soil in a single 70-ton block and
transported to Dresden, where archaeologists “excavated” it in a lab.
There, analysis revealed that the
ancient well-builders constructed tusk
mortise and tenon joints, a technique
that uses a fitted wedge to lock the
pieces in place, in the base frame, with
the rest constructed in “log cabin”
style. “We know the Romans could do it, but that they were
in use 5,000 years earlier really came as a surprise,” says
Rengert Elburg, an archaeologist at the Saxon Archaeological
Heritage Office in Dresden.
The 151 pieces of wood recovered from the wells are also
an invaluable source of data for dendrochronologists, who
compare tree rings to date artifacts and learn more about
past climate conditions. Tree rings suggest the Altscherbitz
well was in use for less than a decade before it was deliber12
ately filled with 26 intact pots, thousands of pot fragments,
and organic materials including early grains such as emmer
and einkorn, strawberries, hazelnuts, and black henbane, a
powerful hallucinogen. According to Elburg, the discovery of
the pots was particularly surprising. “We don’t normally find
intact pots from the Neolithic,” says Elburg. “If you find 26
complete ones, you know it was a ritual deposition. Perhaps
it was a well for ritual water or special drinking.”
—ANDREW CURRY
ARCHAEOLOGY • March/April 2013
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013
Contents
Editor’s Letter
From the President
Letters
From the Trenches
World Roundup
Munich Underground
Pirates of the Original Panama Canal
Archaeology Island
A Stunning Sacrifice
A Soldier’s Story
Letter from Cambodia
Artifact
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Cover2
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Contents
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 2
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 3
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Editor’s Letter
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 5
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - From the President
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 7
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Letters
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - From the Trenches
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 10
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 11
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 12
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 13
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 14
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 15
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 16
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 17
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 18
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 19
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 20
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 21
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - World Roundup
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 23
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Munich Underground
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 25
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 26
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 27
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 28
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 29
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Pirates of the Original Panama Canal
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 31
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 32
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 33
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 34
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 35
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 36
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 37
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Archaeology Island
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 39
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 40
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 41
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 42
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 43
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - A Stunning Sacrifice
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 45
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 46
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 47
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 48
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - A Soldier’s Story
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 50
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 51
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 52
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Letter from Cambodia
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 54
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 55
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 56
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 57
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 58
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 59
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 60
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 61
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 62
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 63
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 64
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 65
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 66
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - 67
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Artifact
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Cover3
Archaeology Magazine - March/April 2013 - Cover4
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