Golden Gate by Samir S. Patel 0DULQH 6DQFWXDU\ KDYH LGHQWL¿HG DQG H[DPLQHG DQXPEHURIWKHVHZUHFNV LQ WKH PXUN\ GDQJHURXV ZDWHUV7KHVHHɱRUWVFXOĥ PLQDWHGRQDVLQJOHGD\LQ 1RYHPEHU 2014 :RUNĥ LQJZLWKSULYDWHSDUWQHUV 12$$EURXJKWWKHODWHVW LQUHDOĥWLPHWKUHHĥGLPHQĥ VLRQDO KLJKĥUHVROXWLRQ VRQDUWHFKQRORJ\WREHDURQWZRRI6DQ)UDQFLVFR¶VPRVWIDPRXV ZUHFNV66 City of Rio de JaneiroDQG66 City of Chester, both of ZKLFKWHOOVWRULHVDERXWWKHGDQJHUVRIWKH*ROGHQ*DWHDQGWKH KLVWRU\RILPPLJUDWLRQDQGWUDGHZLWKWKH)DU(DVW I N THE EARLY MORNINGRI)HEUXDU\22, 1901WKH3DFL¿F 0DLO6WHDPVKLS&RPSDQ\VKLS City of RioDSSURDFKHGWKH *ROGHQ*DWHWKURXJKWKLFNIRJ7KHFRPSDQ\KDGRYHU VHYHUDOGHFDGHVEXLOWDÀHHWħLQFOXGLQJELJZRRGHQVWHDPHUV DQGHDUO\LURQDQGVWHHOVWHDPHUVVXFKDVRioħWRFDUU\WUDGH JRRGVDQG&KLQHVHODERUHUVDFURVVWKH3DFL¿F7KH345ĥIRRW VKLS KDG EHHQ DW VHD IRU WZR PRQWKV WUDYHOLQJ IURP +RQJ .RQJWR< RNRKDPDWR+RQROXOXZLWKLPPLJUDQWVIURP&KLQD DQG-DSDQDVZHOODVRWKHUSDVVHQJHUVLQFOXGLQJWKH86&RQĥ VXO *HQHUDO WR +RQJ .RQJ 5RXQVHYHOOH:LOGPDQ DQG KLV www.archaeology.org SS City of Chester (left) collided with RMS Oceanic in San Francisco Bay in 1888 and sank in minutes. Chinese crewmen on Oceanic were unfairly blamed for the deaths of Chester crew and passengers. High-resolution sonar (top) revealed that the wreck, discovered in 2013, was not buried in mud, as once thought. IDPLO\0RVW$VLDQLPPLJUDQWVRIWKHSHULRGFDPHRQVKLSVOLNH WKLVWKRXJKWKH&KLQHVH([FOXVLRQ$FWRI1882KDGUHGXFHG WKHQXPEHUDOORZHGLQWRWKHFRXQWU\WRDWULFNOHĪ)RUPRUH LQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHDUFKDHRORJ\RI&KLQHVHLPPLJUDWLRQWR $PHULFDVHH³$PHULFD¶V&KLQDWRZQV´0D\-XQH2014ī 8QEHNQRZQVWWRWKHFUHZLQFOXGLQJ&DSWDLQ:LOOLDP:DUG DQGSLORW)UHGHULFN-RUGDQWKHVKLSKDGGULIWHGWRRIDUVRXWK $URXQG 5:30 DP Rio VWUXFN WKH URFNV RI )RUW 3RLQW WKH VRXWKHUQWLSRIWKH*ROGHQ*DWH³RioPLVVHGWKH*DWHE\D PDWWHURIIHHW´VD\V'HOJDGR³DQGWKH\¶UHRQWKHURFNV+DUG´ $QHEEWLGHWKHQSXVKHGWKHVKLSRɱWKHURFNVDQGLWVDQN ZLWKLQ10PLQXWHV1HDUE\¿VKHUPHQVDYHG82 SDVVHQJHUV128 GLHGLQFOXGLQJWKH:LOGPDQIDPLO\,WZDVħDQGUHPDLQVħWKH GHDGOLHVWPDULWLPHGLVDVWHULQWKHKLVWRU\RI6DQ)UDQFLVFR³WKH TitanicRIWKH*ROGHQ*DWH´ 37http://www.archaeology.org