Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 44
tracks are the best direct evidence of late
Pleistocene interactions between humans and
megafauna found anywhere in the world, and
it seems likely they were made by two hunters
confronting their prey, though whether they
or the sloth prevailed isn't clear.
But that's just one finding. White Sands
has the world's largest collection of fossilized
Ice Age footprints, numbering in the hundreds
of thousands. " Each of these trackways
will have its own story to tell, " says Cornell
University archaeologist Tommy Urban, who
has worked with a multidisciplinary team of
archaeologists, geographers, geologists, environmental
scientists, and tribal members to
find and record scores of White Sands trackAcoma
Pueblo tribal members Kim Charlie (left) and Bonnie Leno (right) are among
the Native people consulting with researchers working in White Sands National Park.
is akin to retracing their ancestral footsteps.
No one knows who the early human trackmakers were or
whether they were genetically related to Native groups in the
region today. But for Leno and Charlie, there's no denying their
sense of connection to these trackways. " Even though it's been
thousands of years, " Charlie says, the tracks " are still a part
of us. " Her people have centuries-old roots in this Southwest
landscape. Acoma Pueblo is one of the oldest continually occupied
communities on the continent, founded atop a sandstone
bluff around a.d. 1150. But the history of the people of Acoma
Pueblo is even older. Charlie says she grew up learning stories
about a long migration that took Acoma ancestors from the
far north of what is now the United States south into Mexico.
" We did a lot of traveling, " she says, pointing out that her
ancestors traded with people across the region, and possibly
around White Sands. And the Acoma are not alone in their
connection to this vast open landscape, which features in many
Native oral histories. " Our tribal partners have stories about
the 'white sands' and coming down for hunting parties, " says
White Sands archaeologist Clare Connelly.
UT
I
44
n 2017, researchers had discovered
possible evidence of just such an ancient
hunting party: a trackway of human
footprints directly inside the tracks of a giant
ground sloth. Every indication suggests one
person followed quickly behind the sloth.
Their tracks were left in precisely the same
ground conditions. The person matched
the sloth's stride-which was much longer
than a comfortable human stride-for more
than 10 paces until the sloth, it seems, rose
on its hind limbs and flailed in defense.
Meanwhile, a second person approached
the animal on tiptoe from the side. The
AZ
Acoma
Pueblo
ways. The geological makeup of the area has
led to the preservation of prints from not just
sloths and humans of all ages, but also mammoths,
bison, camels, dire wolves, and sabertoothed
cats. And from those ancient steps,
scientists are able to discern an array of mammalian behaviors.
" This gives us a rare window into a world that's mostly lost to
time and beyond our current reach, " Urban says. The length
and breadth of the trackways at White Sands open a range of
questions about early hunting practices, the lives of Ice Age
species, and what the world was like when humans and Pleistocene
megafauna shared this landscape.
T
CO
N M
MEXICO
oday the White sands landscape, with its crests of
glimmering dunes, forms a panorama of snow-white
land in a summer broil. There are no trees, save for
a few solitary invasive species that suck all moisture from
the dunes. Miles of undulating sands give way to the crisp,
flat surface of the dried-up ancient Lake Otero, dotted with
iodine bush, a desert shrub adapted to sandy, salty, alkaline
soils. To the east and west of the park, a heat haze distorts
the peaks of towering mountains; to the north is White
Sands Missile Range, the U.S. Army's largest land-based
open-air testing site. But the ancient trackways know no
modern borders-footprints crisscross both
sides of the fence dividing the national park
from the missile range.
At the time the tracks were made, researchTX
White
Sands National Park
50
100 miles
ers think Lake Otero had already begun to
evaporate and a series of small seasonal bodies
of water covered the area. " Many of the
footprints actually have layers of algae, which
would have required moisture to grow, " Urban
says. People and beasts slipped and slid across
a muddy surface, evidenced in the tracks they
left behind. As the water evaporated over
time, it formed a playa-the flat bottom of a
desert basin that occasionally fills with water.
About 15 years ago, a rare flood filled
the playa with so much water that waves
ARCHAEOLOGY * November/December 2021
Tularosa Basin
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021
Archaeology Magazine - November/december 2021
Editor’s Letter
From the President
Letters
Digs & Discoveries
Off the Grid
Around the World
When Isis Was Queen
Piecing Together Maya Creation Stories
Italian Master Builders
Ghost Tracks of White Sands
Gaul’s University Town
Life Outside the Castle
Artifact
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Archaeology Magazine - November/december 2021
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Cover2
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 1
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 2
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 3
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Editor’s Letter
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 5
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - From the President
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 7
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Letters
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Digs & Discoveries
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 10
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 11
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 12
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 13
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 14
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 15
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 16
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 17
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 18
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 19
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Off the Grid
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 21
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Around the World
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 23
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - When Isis Was Queen
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 25
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 26
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 27
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 28
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 29
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 30
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 31
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Piecing Together Maya Creation Stories
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 33
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 34
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 35
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 36
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 37
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Italian Master Builders
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 39
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 40
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 41
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Ghost Tracks of White Sands
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 43
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 44
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 45
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 46
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 47
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Gaul’s University Town
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 49
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 50
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 51
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 52
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 53
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 54
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Life Outside the Castle
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 56
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 57
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 58
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 59
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 60
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 61
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 62
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 63
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 64
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 65
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 66
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - 67
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Artifact
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Cover3
Archaeology Magazine - November/December 2021 - Cover4
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