JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2022 * VOLUME 75, NUMBER 1 CONTENTS FEATURES 22 An archaeologist examines a relief at the Camel Site in Saudi Arabia 22 TOP 10 DISCOVERIES OF 2021 ArchAeology magazine reveals the year's most exciting finds BY THE EDITORS 30 UNDER THE HOLY CITY A long-running excavation in Jerusalem unearths evidence for two of the city's least-known eras BY ANDREW LAWLER 36 AT FACE VALUE Researchers are using new scientific methods to investigate how artists in Roman Egypt customized portraits for the dead BY BENJAMIN LEONARD Cover: A ca. A.d. 100 mummy portrait of a Greco-Egyptian woman named Isidora PhoTo: courTesy of The J. PAul geTTy MuseuM, los Angeles (obJecT no. 81.AP.42) 42 A BRUSH WITH GENIUS An unprecedented find in central China brings to life the early years of a master calligrapher BY LING XIN 48 TURNING SALT INTO GOLD In the Austrian Alps, generations of miners toiled to extract the ancient world's most valuable resource BY BRIDGET ALEX archaeology.org 1http://www.archaeology.org