Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 16
DIGS DISCOVERIES
STORMING THE CASTLE
W
ith a commanding view of
southwestern Scotland's Solway
Firth, Caerlaverock Castle was
the seat of the powerful Maxwell clan,
which held the strategic coastal bastion
during the late medieval Wars of Scottish
Independence. The triangular fortress,
which was besieged by English forces
several times, was built starting in 1277. It
was located around 600 feet uphill from an
earlier moated fortification, known as Old
Caerlaverock Castle, which was abandoned
just 50 years after it was built. Recently, an
interdisciplinary team led by University
of Stirling environmental scientists Eileen
Tisdall and Richard Tipping investigated Old Caerlaverock Castle
and the landscape around it to explore why the fortification was
occupied for such a short period. Building on earlier research at the
site, they discovered that the moat of the old castle was filled with
sediments deposited by multiple storms in the thirteenth century,
Aerial view of old and new
Caerlaverock Castles, Scotland
which is known to have been a period of
heightened storm activity.
By investigating and dating gravel
ridges that were deposited just off the
coast during these storms, the team
has determined that storm surges of
between 15 and 30 feet high flooded
the old castle. " The irrepressible waves
of these surges were like tsunamis, " says
Tipping. " While they may not have
wrecked the castle, psychologically the
storms must have scared people rigid. "
It's also possible that the old, perpetually
damp castle with its vulnerable moat
simply didn't match the Maxwells' sense
of their growing political importance. " Maybe they wanted
more glamour, " says Tisdall, who notes that the later castle's
triangular design is unique in the United Kingdom. " It's very
much a statement castle. "
-Eric A. Powell
MESOLITHIC BABY CARRIER
UPDATE:
A
rchaeologists have learned more about the earliest known
female infant burial in Europe, which was discovered
several years ago. The remains of a Mesolithic girl were
deposited in a shallow pit in the Arma Veirana Cave in Liguria,
in northwest Italy, around 10,000 years ago. The discovery
was noteworthy not only for its antiquity, but also because
archaeologists found around 90 perforated shell beads and four
large pendants in the girl's grave. Using a variety of techniques,
including 3-D photogrammetry and micro-CT scanning, the
researchers have been able to re-create the layout of the child's
burial. The arrangement of the beads around the body suggests
that they were sewn onto a garment that was wrapped around
the baby's body before she was interred. When she was alive, this
garment likely functioned as a carrier or sling that would have
allowed her parents to remain mobile-a necessity for Mesolithic
hunter-gatherers-while keeping her close. " Archaeological
traces of such an object are very difficult to gather, as a sling
would need to be light and thus was likely made from materials
that do not preserve well over time, " says Arizona State University
archaeologist Claudine Gravel-Miguel.
The beads and pendants may have served as amulets meant
Examples
of shell
beads and
pendants
found in
burial
16
to protect the infant. The ornaments' worn condition suggests
that they were not made specifically for the baby, whose teeth
indicate that she only lived for between 40 and 50 days, but
had been used by the community for a considerable period of
time. The archaeologists theorize that, because the carrier and
pendants failed to protect the child, they were discarded and
interred along with her remains so they couldn't be reused in
the future. (To read about the original discovery, see " Italy " in
Around the World, March/April 2022.)
-Jason Urbanus
ARCHAEOLOGY * January/February 2023
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023
Contents
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - Cover1
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - Cover2
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - Contents
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 2
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 3
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 4
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 5
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 6
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 7
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 8
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 9
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 10
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 11
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 12
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 13
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 14
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 15
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 16
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 17
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 18
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 19
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 20
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 21
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 22
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 23
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 24
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 25
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 26
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 27
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 28
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 29
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 30
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 31
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 32
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 33
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 34
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 35
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 36
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 37
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 38
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 39
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 40
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 41
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 42
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 43
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 44
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 45
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 46
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 47
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 48
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 49
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 50
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 51
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 52
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 53
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 54
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 55
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 56
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 57
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 58
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 59
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 60
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 61
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 62
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 63
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 64
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 65
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 66
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 67
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - 68
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - Cover3
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2023 - Cover4
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