Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2024 - 9
DIGS DISCOVERIES
WHEN IT RAINS, IT POURS
MOHAWK MAIZE, ASSYRIAN DREAMS, ICE AGE CANNIBALS...AND MUCH MORE
I
t didn't rain frequently in ancient Egypt, but when it did,
says Sapienza University of Rome archaeologist Aneta
Skalec, it could come down so violently that it led to legal
quarrels between neighbors. Skalec examined a papyrus
known as the Demotic Legal Code of Hermopolis West,
which was recorded in the time of the pharaoh Ptolemy II
Philadelphus (reigned 285-246 b.c.), although its origins
are likely centuries earlier. The document contains the most
extensive known collection of Egyptian laws, many of them
concerning leasing of property and rules of inheritance.
" Among the various regulations, we find those concerning
neighborly disputes, " Skalec says. " I was surprised when I
came across the regulations relating to rain. "
One passage stipulates how to handle a complaint brought
forward by someone whose house is being splashed by rainwater
discharged from their neighbor's roof. The document
instructs judges to assess the situation themselves by pouring
water through the neighbor's gutters to determine whether
the plaintiff's grievance is valid. If they determine that it
is, then the drainage system of the offending party
should be blocked off.
The text is puzzling, in part because there
are no known examples of rainwater drainage
systems such as the one described in
the legal code. Very few excavated
ancient Egyptian houses retain
their upper stories or roofs-
they rarely survive because they
would have been constructed
from wood, branches, and leaves.
" Initially, I was unable to find
any archaeological evidence confirming
the existence of similar
rainspouts in Egypt, " Skalec says.
" This motivated me to delve deeper
into the topic. "
Skalec noticed that some Egyptian
temples, such as the Temple
of Edfu in southern Egypt and the
Temple of Hathor at Dendera in the center
of the country, have waterspouts, often shaped like lion's
heads, designed to channel rainwater from their roofs.
While these elements are not quite analogous to the spouts
archaeology.org
Wooden
house
model from
Meketre's
tomb
described in the legal code, they do suggest that ancient
Egyptians were acquainted with the sort of issues that
could arise from heavy rainfall.
The best evidence for the type of gutter system that
may have caused the legal imbroglio mentioned in the
Hermopolis West papyrus can be found in small models of
Egyptian houses that were deposited in tombs. Examples
of these models were discovered in the tomb of Meketre,
9
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Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2024
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2024
Contents
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2024 - Cover1
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2024 - Cover2
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2024 - Contents
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2024 - 2
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2024 - 3
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Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2024 - Cover3
Archaeology Magazine - January/February 2024 - Cover4
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