SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2024 * VOLUME 77, NUMBER 5 CONTENTS FEATURES 52 Fresco, Pompeii, Italy 24 HUNTING FOR THE LOST TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS After a century of searching, a chance discovery led archaeologists to one of the most important sanctuaries in the ancient Greek world BY JASON URBANUS 32 TREES OF THE SKY WORLD Why Australia's Indigenous Wiradjuri people carved sacred symbols into trees to mark burials of their honored dead BY ILANA HERZIG 36 THE PEOPLE BEFORE THE BOOK A trove of papyri unearthed on the Egyptian island of Elephantine gives voice to an early Jewish community BY SARA TOTH STUB archaeology.org Cover: Temple of Satet dating to the New Kingdom (ca. 1550-1070 b.c.) on the island of Elephantine, Egypt PHOTO: AdobeStock 42 ANCIENT DNA REVOLUTION How the rapidly evolving field of archaeogenetics is unlocking secrets of the past BY THE EDITORS 52 POMPEII STYLE Inside the Roman houses where archaeologists continue to discover evocative new masterpieces BY JARRETT A. LOBELL 1http://www.archaeology.org