ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - S19
Tasas de producción de condensado
La producción de condensado es afectada por la
forma en que se usa el edificio. Los procesos de fabricación, las actividades humanas, la maquinaria y la
iluminación crean una carga más pesada para el aire
acondicionado que la que produciría un edificio vacío.
Las empresas que requieren condiciones de humedad
controladas con mucha precisión para instalaciones
como la fabricación de tecnología o almacenaje farmacéutico son candidatos bastante buenos para la recuperación de condensado.
Los centros comerciales en los cuales existe una alta
rotación de aire también producen altos niveles de condensado. En los edificios altos, donde hay reguladores de
aire en muchos pisos, los que extraen aire desde afuera
tendrán el rendimiento más alto de agua. Se puede
obtener un estimado de producción más rápido y realista
al visitar un edificio para observar su tasa de drenaje de
condensado.
Predecir la producción de condensado para edificios
nuevos ha presentado un desafío. Los planeadores de
sistemas de agua Eddie Wilcut y Brian Lilibridge, de San
Antonio Water System, analizaron modelos de proyecto
para desarrollar un estimado de producción basado en
el factor de la carga y el tonelaje. Una tasa típica de producción para edificios grandes durante el verano es 0.1 a
0.3 galones de condensado por tonelada de aire acondicionado (0.1 a 0.3 L/kW) por cada hora de operación del
sistema de enfriamiento. Este rango se basa en las tasas de
producción promedias medidas en un número reducido
de edificios grandes. En base a estos datos limitados, se
utiliza la siguiente fórmula:
(toneladas de capacidad) (factor de carga)
(0.2 galones) = ____gph
Para los que planean edificios en climas calientes y húmedos, se puede hacer también un estimado de producción
de condensado anticipada del metraje cuadrado del espacio de control climatizado. La producción máxima de condensado durante los meses de verano puede aproximarse
entre 0.5 a 0.6 gph/1,000 pies cuadros (6 a 7 mL/s/1000m2)
del área enfriada. Cuando se aplica esta fórmula a la capacidad planeada de varios edificios comerciales, se nota que
únicamente los edificios de más de 100,000 pies cuadrados
(9280 m2) producen suficiente condensado para justificar
los gastos de la recuperación de condensado, sea para las
torres de enfriamiento o para jardinería.
Usos del condensado
El agua de condensado es más pura en sus contenidos
que la mayoría del agua de la llave. Se puede usar para
los procesos manufactureros, las torres de enfriamiento,
las fuentes decorativas y la irrigación de jardines. Existen
distintas consideraciones para cada uso que ayudan
a determinar cuál es el más económico para un sitio
determinado.
Torres de enfriamiento. El condensado es excepcional para las torres de enfriamiento debido al contenido
de minerales reducido, y por lo general tal uso será una
primera opción al diseñar un sistema. Las torres de enfriamiento pueden aumentar su número de ciclos efectivos al
mezclar el agua de condensado que contiene bajos niveles
de minerales con el agua de la llave, la cual suele contener
mayores niveles de minerales, sobre todo si la fuente de
agua regional proviene del agua subterránea.
Componentes de diseño para el
uso de torres de enfriamiento
Componentes de diseño para el
uso de irrigación
* Eleve la base del regulador de aire en unas 12 pulgadas
(0.3 m) del piso del cuarto mecánico.
* Eleve la base del regulador de aire en unas 12 pulgadas (0.3 m) del piso del cuarto mecánico.
* Un tanque de recolección de la torre de enfriamiento
debe tener mínimo 1,000 galones (3800 L) con desbordamiento a la línea de alcantarillado.
* Un desagüe hacia un tanque de almacenaje externo
que puede contener suficiente agua para un ciclo de
irrigación del sistema.
* Una bomba traslada el agua producida por el condensado
a la torre de enfriamiento.
* Una bomba para presurizar el agua del tanque al
sistema de irrigación.
* Unas tuberías no corrosivas trasladan el agua a la torre de
enfriamiento.
* Un sistema de inyección de cloro para mantener un
nivel bajo de cloro en el agua para prevenir el crecimiento de bacterias.
septiembre 2014
Guía ferial de AH R Expo-México 2014
S19
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - September 2014
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - 4
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ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - SCover1
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - SCover2
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - S1
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - S2
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - S3
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ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - September 2014 - Cover4
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