ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 16
TECHNICAL FEATURE
air speed, relative humidity, local
TABLE 3 Assumed metabolic rates based on field data
discomfort, and degree of local enviACTIVITY LEVEL
MET
NURSE ACTIVITIES
ronmental control and its accessibilLow
1.2
Updating Patient Stats
ity (by the patient or the caregiver).
The case study collected nurses'
Medium
1.4 to 1.6
Medication Preparation, Patient Round:
Medication and Control
personal and environmental data
High 1.8 Walk Speed 0.9 m/s (2.0 mph)
Patient Care Taking (Walking and Standing
from the ward over three weeks
While Observing the Patient)
2.0
Walk
Speed
1.2
m/s
(2.7
mph)
in summer and four weeks in
autumn.11 The ward conditions in
TABLE 4 Assumed clothing insulation values from field data.
the summer led to a slightly warm thermal
DESCRIPTION clo STILL 5,14,15 clo MOVING 5,14,15
COMMENTS
sensation, a slightly unacceptable thermal
Basic
Uniform
0.57
0.50
Consistent
With
Table
3,
for
Clothing
comfort, and a slightly obstructed selfInsulation Reduction, A Combination of
appraised work performance.
Activities Carried Out Within an Hour
Was Considered (i.e., the Nurse is Not
Table 2 (Page 14) summarizes the data and
Assumed to be Moving All the Time)
results from the field. Surprisingly, the
Basic Uniform
0.93
0.86 Added Vest is Assumed Only Under Cold
authors of the study did not mention the
Plus Vest
Ward Conditions
type of medical service being offered at those
Basic Uniform
0.67
- Chair Insulation is Only Assumed for the
wards, or the type and characteristics of the
Plus Chair
Low Activity Level
(Updating Patient Stats)
patients being cared for.
Basic Uniform Plus Vest
1.03
-
The WBC-PMV12 model from Standard
Plus Chair
55-20175 is used to predict thermal comfort
for the ambient conditions in the field study and comsources are provided in the footnote and their applicapare the predictions with the subjective responses coltion is in the table comments. Again, clothing values
lected from the field. Table 3 shows assumed metabolic
were selected from Standard 55-2017 since clothing
rates based on combinations of activities in the work
insulation values for nurses are not found in the literaschedule. The metabolic rates for those specific activiture. These values were compared to those used in other
ties are not found in the literature. Therefore, similar
studies.14
The CBE Thermal Comfort Tool16 is used to calculate
activities from Standard 55-2017 were used instead. For
PMV using the objective measurements from the field
example, for updating patients stats, sitting and typing
study11 and the personal variables assumed in Tables
was used.
3 and 4. Figures 3 and 4 show the PMV calculation for
The medium and high activity levels combine various
activities that involve moving between rooms and stand- the neutral temperature obtained from correlating air
temperature and TSV (Table 2). For the low activity-level
ing and walking. Considering spatial transients, nurses
case, nurses would be in a neutral thermal condition.
move within a single ward with a thermal environment
With basic uniforms and chairs, nurses would be at the
that can be considered uniform. Considering temponeutral to slightly cool limit; with the addition of a vest,
ral transients, it is assumed that the activity changes
nurses' conditions would be right at the center of the
for the nurses are not drastic and therefore the effects
comfort zone. The predicted results are consistent with
of temporal transients are neglected in the analyses
those from the field study.
(i.e., nurses are not rushing to the patient but walking
For combined activities, such as walking, standing
carefully and at a reasonably slow pace). A recent field
with patients, preparing medication, and administerstudy13 on nurses in a hospital ward shows that when
the transitions happened across temperature differing medication, using single met and clo values in the
ences within ±2 °C (±3.6°F), the thermal perception
PMV calculations is not enough given the uncertainis not impacted by the magnitude of the temperature
ties involved in assuming those personal variables.
difference.
Therefore, a quick sensitivity analysis is required.
Table 4 shows assumed clothing insulation values (clo)
Figures 5 and 6 present the results from the sensitivity
from the descriptions provided in the field study. The
analysis, with varying met and clo values, air speeds,
16
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ASHRAE Journal - July 2019
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - July 2019
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 5
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