ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 56
COLUMN DATA CENTERS
Liquid-Cooling Trends
In Data Centers
BY DONALD L. BEATY, P.E., FELLOW/LIFE MEMBER ASHRAE; DAVID QUIRK, P.E., MEMBER ASHRAE; FRANK T. MORRISON, MEMBER ASHRAE
In previous columns, the use of airside or waterside economizers was explored as a
method to reduce the energy use in datacom facilities. The goal of all these systems,
whether air-cooled or water-cooled, was to provide a cooling airstream to the electronic equipment, which is typically arranged in racks positioned throughout the
facility.
ASHRAE has published thermal guidelines for datacom facilities that allow higher air temperatures in
the conditioned space that can extend the hours of
economization and hence increase the energy savings
substantially. To further improve the efficiency of the
cooling system and handle ever-increasing heat loads,
these racks are placed in hot aisle/cold aisle configurations often with strategically placed blanking plates to
help direct the cooling airstream optimally over the
electronic equipment while simultaneously keeping the
warm leaving air from mixing with the cool incoming
air (Figure 1).
Despite such efforts to improve cooling with air, significant growth in heat loads and heat density per rack
has challenged the ability of air to provide adequate,
reliable, and economic data center cooling. Higher
heat loads generated by electronic equipment can have
detrimental side effects, such as reduced equipment
availability, wasted floor space, and inefficient cooling
system operation. To help meet these ever-increasing
challenges, the use of liquid cooling is growing, prompting ASHRAE TC 9.9 to develop the ASHRAE Datacom
Series book Liquid Cooling Guidelines for Datacom Equipment
56
ASHRAE JOURNAL
ashrae.org
J U LY 2 0 19
Centers, as well as several white papers. Like the thermal
guidelines for datacom facilities cooled by air, ASHRAE
has established a set of temperature guidelines for
liquid-cooled facilities depending on the Liquid Cooling
Class, defined as W1 through W5, as shown in Figure 2.
The overall goals of these liquid cooling implementations include benefits such as:
* Enabling higher rack power densities to decrease
required data center footprint;
* Efficiently transferring waste heat to the facility
water system (FWS);
* Allowing liquid-cooling loop temperatures to be as
warm as possible to:
* Increase the efficiency of rejecting the heat to
the atmosphere while significantly increasing
the hours of economization;
* Enable captured heat to be used for other beneficial purposes;
Donald L. Beaty, P.E., is president and David Quirk, P.E., is vice president of DLB Associates
Consulting Engineers, in Eatontown, N.J. Beaty is a member and Quirk is research subcommittee chair of TC 9.9, Mission Critical Facilities, Data Centers, Technology Spaces
and Electronic Equipment. Frank T. Morrison is technical director, global marketing at
Baltimore Aircoil in Jessup, Md. He is a member of SSPCs 188 and 90.1 as well as TC 8.6.
https://www.ashrae.org/
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - July 2019
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 74
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 76
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 80
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 81
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 82
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 83
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 84
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 85
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 86
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 87
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 88
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 89
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 90
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 91
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 92
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 93
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 94
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 95
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 96
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 97
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 98
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 99
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 100
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 101
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 102
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 103
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 104
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 105
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 106
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 107
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 108
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 109
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 110
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 111
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 112
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 113
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 114
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 115
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 116
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 117
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 118
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 119
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - 120
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - July 2019 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VHQRAW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XGMDXI
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_YELQLJ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QJLWMC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_MCDEBX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WNYSQY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XATVOD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FJSHSS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_CCBZDS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XDEFVG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2023november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2023november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VHGNBL
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WPKBNJ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_UUVCDE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RTGDEW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LKRFXS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_AZSOFG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ERCDBH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QWDFRV
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JHGVDF
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OPUYHG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SREIBM
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LRTGLK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OKRFGH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2022november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2022november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TZSERA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LVRUIX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RPTVYZ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/mini_pub_catalog
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XIYTGD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RFGDOB
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PABXNU
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_REMKLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PICVBT
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_AOYTVW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JQOPLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_IOYTBC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SGAJJF
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_IGHYER
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PDRKLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2021november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2021november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XCODFR
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QSLFGO
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ILKVNM
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OPDJKD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VJKSRY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SDHUTC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JPPKRR
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SDLTTH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_CKLLES
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SLDOX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_HJETUK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OLUHGE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2020october
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2020october_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ZERDGH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QVMNEO
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RTPOKE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_BBATRE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_STUBMW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TPEMPE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JNMKDS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FBTTPA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WQMMNE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TVBRYN
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_showguide2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_KTUZMA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ABEDGD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2019septmeber_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2019september
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2019april
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2019march
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_showguide2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018december
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2018fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2018fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018october
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraeinsights_201806
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2017fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2017fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201705
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashrae_meetinginsert_201610
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2016fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2016fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acrexindia
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2015summer_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2015summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/amca/2014summer2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/amca/2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acma_2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acmasupp_2013fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201305
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201303
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2013winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/achr_expo_mexico2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201208_v3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201208_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2012summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2012winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201111_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201109_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2011summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201103
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com