ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 64
COLUMN ENGINEER'S NOTEBOOK
process using that hot water, as shown in Figure 1. The
ideal version of this process would represent the maximum practicable amount of heat for hot water that
could be created for a given energy use. "Exergy" is a
method for evaluating energy process efficiency not as
the simple ratio of output energy to input energy, but as
the ratio of the actual output to the maximum output
that can be achieved with any given input.1
An important characteristic of energy conversions that
involves changing a highly ordered form of energy, electricity or chemical or kinetic energy (often called work)
into heat is the necessarily low efficiency of the conversion. Heat engines, devices to create ordered energy
from heat flow, are limited by what is called the Carnot
efficiency, the efficiency of an ideal engine operating on
heat flow between a source at some temperature and a
sink at a lower temperature, and by the inevitable irreversibilities that accompany such a conversion process.
One of the major deficiencies of our energy infrastructure is our inability to capture and utilize the waste heat
given off by these heat-to-work conversion processes.
FIGURE 1 Heat pump domestic water heater drawing heat from building
wastewater stream.
Waste
Vent
Waste
Holding Tank
Primary Hot
Water Tank
Hot Water
Effluent
Cold Water
Waste Pump Evaporator
Compressor
Condenser
Figure 2 shows the energy sources and energy consumption sectors of energy usage in the United States in 2018.
The diagram shows that conversion of various forms of
heat generating energy (burning fuels in heat engines,
in boilers or using heat from nuclear reactors) into electricity or kinetic energy results in rejection of over 65%
of input energy, primary in the form of low-grade waste
heat. Virtually all of the end uses met by natural gas in
Make-Up Air Technology
WITH COOLING OPTIONS
Our M-Series line includes cooling coils to temper
cool outside air so extremely warm air is not
being brought inside your industrial facilities
during those sweltering summer days.
Ranging from 1,800 to 75,000 CFM, the M-Series
has the option of adding DX cooling, Direct
Evaporative cooling, or Chilled Water cooling.
To find your rep, simply go to:
www.cambridge-eng.com
and click on this icon:
FIND A REP
Superior Heating, Ventilating,
and Now Cooling Solutions.
S-Series HTHV Heaters * M-Series Make-Up Air * ESC-Series Evaporative Cooling
64
ASHRAE JOURNAL
ashrae.org
O C T O B E R 2 0 19
http://www.cambridge-eng.com
https://www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - October 2019
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 74
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 76
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 80
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR1
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR2
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR3
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR4
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR5
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR6
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR7
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR8
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR9
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR10
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR11
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR12
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR13
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR14
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR15
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR16
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR17
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR18
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR19
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR20
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR21
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR22
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR23
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR24
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR25
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR26
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR27
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR28
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR29
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR30
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR31
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - HR32
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 81
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 82
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 83
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 84
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 85
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 86
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 87
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 88
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 89
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 90
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 91
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 92
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 93
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 94
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 95
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - 96
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - October 2019 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FYONLJ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2024november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2024november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_BDMHLG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WJDGRY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ATMAHK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VHQRAW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XGMDXI
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_YELQLJ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QJLWMC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_MCDEBX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WNYSQY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XATVOD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FJSHSS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_CCBZDS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XDEFVG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2023november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2023november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VHGNBL
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WPKBNJ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_UUVCDE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RTGDEW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LKRFXS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_AZSOFG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ERCDBH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QWDFRV
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JHGVDF
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OPUYHG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SREIBM
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LRTGLK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OKRFGH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2022november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2022november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TZSERA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LVRUIX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RPTVYZ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/mini_pub_catalog
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XIYTGD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RFGDOB
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PABXNU
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_REMKLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PICVBT
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_AOYTVW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JQOPLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_IOYTBC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SGAJJF
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_IGHYER
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PDRKLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2021november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2021november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XCODFR
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QSLFGO
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ILKVNM
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OPDJKD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VJKSRY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SDHUTC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JPPKRR
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SDLTTH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_CKLLES
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SLDOX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_HJETUK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OLUHGE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2020october
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2020october_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ZERDGH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QVMNEO
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RTPOKE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_BBATRE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_STUBMW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TPEMPE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JNMKDS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FBTTPA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WQMMNE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TVBRYN
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_showguide2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_KTUZMA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ABEDGD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2019septmeber_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2019september
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2019april
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2019march
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_showguide2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018december
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2018fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2018fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018october
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraeinsights_201806
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2017fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2017fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201705
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashrae_meetinginsert_201610
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2016fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2016fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acrexindia
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2015summer_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2015summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/amca/2014summer2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/amca/2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acma_2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acmasupp_2013fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201305
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201303
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2013winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/achr_expo_mexico2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201208_v3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201208_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2012summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2012winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201111_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201109_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2011summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201103
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com