ASHRAE Journal - March 2022 - 77
COLUMN ENGINEER'S NOTEBOOK
Once the conductivity of the condenser water rises
above the setpoint, the controller opens a bleed/blowdown
valve to discharge a controlled volume of water
from the system. This liquid water loss forces additional
makeup into the system, diluting the concentration of
the minerals in the system and lowering the conductivity
below the setpoint.
Each makeup water source varies in quality as dissolved
solids increase and decrease based on the materials
in the local water. Typically well water is high in dissolved
solids and surface waters are lower in dissolved
solids. The higher the level of dissolved solids in the
makeup water, the higher the level of water consumption
by the evaporative cooling system due to the lower
cycles achievable. Mineral hardness in the makeup
water is a limiting factor for water savings and increased
cycles of concentration. This is because mineral hardness
readily forms scale on heat exchange surfaces once
the concentration begins to increase due to evaporation.
As can be seen in Figure 1, the water saving potential of
operating with higher cycles of concentration drops off
FIGURE 1 Cycles of concentration vs. water use.
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cycle of Concentration
above about six cycles, yet the risk of scaling increases
signifi cantly, which needs to be taken into account in the
water treatment program.
Water treatment chemicals can help reduce water
consumption by holding minerals in solution longer as
cycles of concentration increase. In addition to water
treatment chemicals, water softeners can be benefi cial
on some sites to reduce the incoming mineral hardness
in the makeup water. Oversoftening the water, i.e.,
8
9
10
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M A R C H 2 0 2 2 ashrae.org ASHRAE JOURNAL
77
Relative Water Consumption
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ASHRAE Journal - March 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - March 2022
ASHRAE Journal - March 2022 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - March 2022 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - March 2022 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - March 2022 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - March 2022 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - March 2022 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - March 2022 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - March 2022 - 5
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ASHRAE Journal - March 2022 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - March 2022 - Cover4
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