ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 30
COLUMN INFECTIOUS AEROSOL CONTROL
FIGURE 2 Equivalent air changes per hour from Standard 241-2023 Appendix C tests, Standard 241-2023 and CDC targets versus occupant density for Class A office spaces
across various sectors.
Does not meet minimum Standard 241-2023 target
Meets Standard 241-2023 target but does not meet CDC target
Meets both Standard 241-2023 and CDC targets
Target eACH for meeting minimum Standard 241-2023 target for offices
CDC recommendation - 5 eACH
20
Industry & Logistics
15
Call Centers
10
5
CDC Target (5 eACH)
1
10
Occupant Density (#/1,000 ft2)
to what is needed for infectious aerosol control at peak
occupant densities during infection risk management
mode (IRMM).
* As expected, the CDC's 5 ach target significantly
exceeds the necessary Standard 241-2023 ECAi for
typical office densities, excluding only call centers and
the highest-density coworking spaces.
Given the prevalence of offices with higher existing
ECAi than the Standard 241-2023 office ECAi target,
operators can focus on balancing energy efficiency and
infection control by optimizing their ECAi to meet that
office target value year-round. In Figure 3, we simulate
energy savings for four ASHRAE climate zones (New
York 4A, Miami 1A, Austin 2A and Denver 5B) using the
methodology described in Zaatari, et al.4 The energy
savings are achieved by reducing excess outdoor air
down to the ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2022 ventilation
rate procedure requirements and maintaining the same
level of existing filtration in the space tested, while still
ensuring the space meets the Standard 241-2023 target.
Note that more energy savings could be achieved if we
30
ASHRAE JOURNAL ashrae.org S E PTEM B ER 2024
decrease outdoor air to the ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2022
Indoor Air Quality Procedure requirements.5
As illustrated in Figure 3, the potential energy savings
are significant. Therefore, the Standard 241-2023
FIGURE 3 Simulated energy savings results for each office space tested in
Figure 2 that passed Standard 241-2023 for four climate zones. The bottom of
the box indicates the 25th percentile; the horizontal line indicates the median
(value shown in white on the graph), and the top of the box represents the 75th
percentile. Whiskers indicate the data ranging within 1.5 times the interquartile
range of the 25th and 75th percentile. Scatter plots are outliers.
30
25
20
15
10
5
Maximum
75th Percentile
Median
25th Percentile
Minimum
100
3 kWh/ft2
New York
4A
4 kWh/ft2
Miami
1A
4 kWh/ft2
2 kWh/ft2
Austin
2A
Denver
5B
eACH (h-1)
Potential Yearly Energy Savings (kWh/ft2)
http://www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - September 2024
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 74
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 76
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 80
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Cover4
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