ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 59
TECHNICAL FEATURE
Semantics and meaning of data are trained from
the labeled data, after which a control device can
recognize similar patterns in future data sets (streams)
to conclude or infer their meaning in the new situation.
This means that the labels of the trained data set are of
utmost importance in the case of black-box prediction
models, as they constitute the implied semantics that
can be inferred from future data. If labels only include
" working " and " faulty, " then there is no way in which the
MPC that relies on this model can conclude any reasons
behind a malfunctioning device, for example.
As an effect, building engineers are much less in
control of the conclusions of the MPC controller if the
input data is not semantically rich enough, and such
devices and models are best trained with a very specifi c
task in mind. In such small environments, these modelbased
MPC algorithms can best fi t on the edge, on the
device, for direct interaction, while more challenging
interpretations and actuation better happen more
centrally in the building, using more elaborate decision
models (grey-box and procedural models).
Conclusion
Metadata is used in multiple control mechanisms
in different places: (1) procedural code can have the
context embedded (early binding and hard-coding) or
separated (late binding); (2) data streams can have the
context embedded, yet often rely on externalized lookup
tables or metadata schemas, which can be combined
more easily with late-bound control algorithms; and
(3) black-box models have their metadata and context
directly embedded as an effect of model training. A lot
of the procedural code can be poorly structured, and
metadata is often hard-coded and relying on ad hoc
agreements (e.g., naming conventions).
When considering a more data-driven approach,
such as MPC, statistical AI methods are of importance
to deliver prediction models; and these in turn rely on
appropriate labels and metadata for training models
and knowing where to apply which trained model. Yet,
such statistical AI approaches typically require not too
many metadata and structure, favoring simple labels
instead. As such, this article indicates three main
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ASHRAE Journal - September 2024
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - September 2024
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 74
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 76
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - 80
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - September 2024 - Cover4
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