ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 2

CONTENTS
December 2021
FEATURES
Key Factors of Fan System
Wire-to-Air Effi ciency
By B. Rajavel; Tom Bise;
Paul Bauch
14
Improving Fan System Effi ciency
Sizing Vertical
Ground Heat Exchangers
By Mohammadamin Ahmadfard;
Michel Bernier, Ph.D., P.Eng.
24
Spreadsheet Tool for Sizing Vertical
Geothermal Boreholes
Technology Award
New Chillers Key
To Energy Reduction
By Raymond M.H. Yau, Ph.D.;
Barry K.P. Lau
44
Chiller Plant Energy Consumption
Reduced 26%
DEPARTMENTS
4 Commentary
12 Meetings and Shows
111 Classifi ed Advertising
6 Industry News
50 Products
112 Advertisers Index
About the Cover Article
Fan arrays (pictured on the cover) play a critical role in moving air through air-handling systems.
Design engineers looking to incorporate energy-effi cient solutions into building designs should have
fan selection as one of the leading factors to consider when improving wire-to-air effi ciency.
2
D E C E M B E R 2 0 2 1 ashrae.o rg ASHRAE JOURNAL
10 Letters
108 Info Center
STANDING COLUMNS
22 HVAC Applications
Understanding Three
Generations of DOAU
By Arthur D. Hallstrom, P.E.
38 Engineer's Notebook
Recovering Heat
For Snow Melting
By Kelley Cramm, P.E.
48 Refrigeration Applications
Quality and Equality
By Andy Pearson, Ph.D., C.Eng.
Advertising Section
51 Suppliers' New Product Preview
Submissions: ashraejournal.submittable.com/submit
Archive: technologyportal.ashrae.org
Letters: rebecca@ashrae.org
Missing Issue: cservice@ashrae.org
ASHRAE® Journal (ISSN 0001-2491) PUBLISHED MONTHLY | Copyright 2021
by ASHRAE, 180 Technology Parkway, Peachtree Corners,
GA 30092. Periodicals postage paid at Atlanta, Georgia, and
additional mailing offi ces. SUBSCRIPTIONS | $11 per single copy
(plus applicable shipping). Subscriptions for members $8 per
year, included with annual dues, not deductible. Nonmember
$90 (includes postage in USA); $90 (includes postage for
Canadian); $158 international (includes air mail). Expiration dates
vary for both member and nonmember sub scriptions. Payment
(U.S. funds) required with all orders. CHANGE OF ADDRESS | Requests
must be received at subscription offi ce eight weeks before
effective date. Send both old and new addresses for the change.
ASHRAE members may submit address changes at www.ashrae.
org/address. POSTMASTER | Send form 3579 to: ASHRAE Journal,
180 Technology Parkway, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092.
PUBLICATION DISCLAIMER | ASHRAE has compiled this publication
with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated and ASHRAE
expressly disclaims any duty to investigate any product,
service, process, procedure, design or the like which may
be described herein. The appearance of any technical data,
editorial material or advertisement in this publication does not
constitute endorsement, warranty or guarantee by ASHRAE
of any product, service, process, procedure, design or the like.
ASHRAE does not warrant that the information in this publication
is free of errors and ASHRAE does not necessarily agree with
any statement or opinion in this publication. The entire risk of the
use of any information in this publication and its supplement is
assumed by the user.
V O L U M E 63, N O. 12
http://ashraejournal.submittable.com/submit http://technologyportal.ashrae.org http://www.ashrae.org/address http://www.ashrae.org/address

ASHRAE Journal - December 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - December 2021

Contents
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - BB1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - BB2
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 73
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 74
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 75
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 76
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 77
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 78
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 79
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 80
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 81
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 82
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 83
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 84
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 85
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 86
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 87
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 88
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 89
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 90
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 91
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 92
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 93
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 94
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 95
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 96
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 97
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 98
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 99
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 100
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 101
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 102
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 103
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 104
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 105
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 106
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 107
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 108
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 109
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 110
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 111
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - 112
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - December 2021 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ATMAHK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VHQRAW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XGMDXI
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_YELQLJ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QJLWMC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_MCDEBX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WNYSQY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XATVOD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FJSHSS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_CCBZDS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XDEFVG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2023november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2023november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VHGNBL
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WPKBNJ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_UUVCDE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RTGDEW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LKRFXS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_AZSOFG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ERCDBH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QWDFRV
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JHGVDF
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OPUYHG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SREIBM
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LRTGLK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OKRFGH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2022november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2022november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TZSERA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LVRUIX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RPTVYZ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/mini_pub_catalog
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XIYTGD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RFGDOB
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PABXNU
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_REMKLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PICVBT
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_AOYTVW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JQOPLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_IOYTBC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SGAJJF
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_IGHYER
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PDRKLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2021november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2021november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XCODFR
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QSLFGO
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ILKVNM
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OPDJKD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VJKSRY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SDHUTC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JPPKRR
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SDLTTH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_CKLLES
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SLDOX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_HJETUK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OLUHGE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2020october
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2020october_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ZERDGH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QVMNEO
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RTPOKE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_BBATRE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_STUBMW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TPEMPE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JNMKDS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FBTTPA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WQMMNE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TVBRYN
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_showguide2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_KTUZMA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ABEDGD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2019septmeber_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2019september
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2019april
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2019march
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_showguide2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018december
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2018fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2018fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018october
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraeinsights_201806
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2017fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2017fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201705
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashrae_meetinginsert_201610
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2016fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2016fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acrexindia
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2015summer_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2015summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/amca/2014summer2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/amca/2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acma_2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acmasupp_2013fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201305
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201303
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2013winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/achr_expo_mexico2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201208_v3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201208_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2012summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2012winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201111_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201109_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2011summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201103
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com